Table 1.
Effect of metformin intervention upon common side effects in women with maternal obesity/PCOS.
| Effect size estimate (95% CI) or OR (95% CI) | p value | Studies | N | Het I2 | Het. p value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall GI side effects | Placebo | 2.43 (1.53–3.84) | 0.0002 | 4 | 1441 | 76% | 0.006 |
| Nausea | Maternal obesity | 1.43 (1.11–1.84) | 0.006 | 3 | 1201 | 36% | 0.21 |
| PCOS | 1.60 (0.75–3.45) | 0.23 | 1 | 240 | N/A | N/A | |
| Vomiting | Maternal obesity | 1.41 (1.08–1.83) | 0.01 | 3 | 1201 | 35% | 0.22 |
| PCOS | 1.85 (0.45–7.58) | 0.39 | 1 | 240 | N/A | N/A | |
| Diarrhoea | Maternal obesity | 2.34 (1.39–3.94) | 0.001 | 3 | 1201 | 67% | 0.05 |
| PCOS | 6.47 (2.17–19.29) | 0.0008 | 1 | 240 | N/A | N/A | |
| Abdominal pain | Maternal obesity | 0.98 (0.66–1.44) | 0.91 | 3 | 1201 | 0% | 0.99 |
| PCOS | 0.50 (0.19–1.32) | 0.16 | 1 | 240 | 62% | 0.11 | |
| Bloating | Maternal obesity | NO STUDIES | – | – | – | – | – |
| PCOS | 1.32 (0.73–2.38) | 0.36 | 1 | 240 | N/A | N/A | |
| Constipation | Maternal obesity | 1.11 (0.76–1.63) | 0.59 | 3 | 797 | 15% | 0.28 |
| PCOS | NO STUDIES | – | – | – | – | ||
| Headache | Maternal obesity | 1.17 (0.82–1.69) | 0.39 | 2 | 797 | 69% | 0.07 |
| PCOS | NO STUDIES | – | – | – | – | – | |
| GDM | Maternal obesity | 1.16 (0.68–1.96) | 0.59 | 2 | 1208 | 68% | 0.08 |
| PCOS | 1.00 (0.71–1.42) | 0.99 | 3 | 746 | 0% | 0.54 |