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Mean values and standard deviations of each parameter
| Groups | Total error at entry point (mean ± SD) | Total error at apex (mean ± SD) | Angular error (mean ± SD) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pilot-drill guide | 1.009 ± 0.415 mm | 1.068 ± 0.384 mm | 2.67 ± 1.58° |
| Navigation1 (marker tray in CBCT) | 1.024 ± 0.446 mm | 1.026 ± 0.383 mm | 2.22 ± 1.54° |
| Navigation2 (3D-printed tray) | 1.027 ± 0.455 mm | 1.116 ± 0.530 mm | 1.95 ± 1.35° |
