. 2021 Apr 29;11:9260. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-88883-4

Table 2.

Left/right ratios (%) of individual parameters in runners and untrained men.

Variable	Runners	Untrained men	p value Cohen’s d
Shear wave velocity
Proximal	105.1 ± 6.2	97.7 ± 7.6	*p = 0.027*
Proximal	105.1 ± 6.2	97.7 ± 7.6	*d = 1.076*
Middle	101.8 ± 12.9	100.2 ± 17.2	p = 0.815
Middle	101.8 ± 12.9	100.2 ± 17.2	d = 0.107
Distal	104.6 ± 13.7	99.7 ± 12.8	p = 0.421
Distal	104.6 ± 13.7	99.7 ± 12.8	d = 0.360
Thickness
Proximal	101.3 ± 6.4	99.6 ± 8.0	p = 0.610
Proximal	101.3 ± 6.4	99.6 ± 8.0	d = 0.232
Middle	97.8 ± 5.9	98.8 ± 8.7	p = 0.756
Middle	97.8 ± 5.9	98.8 ± 8.7	d = 0.141
Distal	102.3 ± 14.1	97.6 ± 11.7	p = 0.429
Distal	102.3 ± 14.1	97.6 ± 11.7	d = 0.362
Foot length	99.8 ± 1.1	99.7 ± 1.3	p = 0.843
Foot length	99.8 ± 1.1	99.7 ± 1.3	d = 0.083
Dorsal height	100.5 ± 3.9	99.1 ± 6.3	p = 0.583
Dorsal height	100.5 ± 3.9	99.1 ± 6.3	d = 0.267
Navicular height	103.9 ± 5.8	101.2 ± 4.4	p = 0.270
Navicular height	103.9 ± 5.8	101.2 ± 4.4	d = 0.525
Arch height ratio	104.1 ± 6.0	101.6 ± 5.1	p = 0.329
Arch height ratio	104.1 ± 6.0	101.6 ± 5.1	d = 0.449

Data are shown as means ± SD.

Bold fonts indicate significant difference between runners and untrained men (p < 0.05) with a “large” effect size (d ≥ 0.8).