Table 2.

Statistical significance of variables used in disease state definition (i.e., clinical assessments) and action (medications).

Time	Variables	Coef	p-value
$t_1$	(Variables used in disease state definition)
	Hoehn and Yahr	0.8967	0
	Age	0.0864	0
	Total MoCA	− 0.0534	0.01
	Total UPDRS III scores	0.7816	0
	% change of total UPDRS scores	− 0.0246	0
	Subtype AR (vs. mixed type)	1.5576	0
	Subtype TD (vs. mixed type)	0.6056	0.213
	Levodopa	5.5486	0
	Dopamine agonist	4.5439	0
	Other medicine	2.2017	0
	Levodopa + Other medicine	5.942	0
	Levodopa + Dopamine agonist	5.5351	0
	Dopamine agonist + Other medicine	3.8986	0
	Levodopa + Dopamine agonist + Other medicine	6.1054	0
$t_2$	(Variables used in actions)
	Levodopa	− 6.9801	0
	Dopamine agonist	− 5.0293	0
	Other medicine	− 0.825	0.094
	Levodopa + other medicine	− 6.9232	0
	Levodopa + Dopamine agonist	− 7.2501	0
	Dopamine agonist + other medicine	− 5.1182	0
	Levodopa + Dopamine agonist + other medicine	− 8.5083	0
	(Outcome) total UPDRS III scores

We fitted prediction model as total UPDRS scores at $t_2$ (penalty) ~ variables at $t_1$ (used in disease state) + variables at $t_2$ (actions) using multivariate regression (i.e., generalized least square) and selected variables that are statistically significant on total UPDRS scores on the next timestep ($t_2$). Note that the % change of total UPDRS scores are 100% $\times$ (Total UPDRS scores at $t_1$ − Total UPDRS scores at $t_0$)/Total UPDRS scores at $t_0$. AR = Akinetic-rigid, TD = tremor-dominant.