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. 2021 Apr 16;12:608320. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.608320

Table 9.

Items tapping into attributes A2 and A4.

Item Attributes utilized
3. M: Nancy, why are you late today?
W: I overslept and missed the bus.
Q: Why is Nancy late?
a. The bus was late.
b. Her clock was slow.
c. She got up late.
d. She forgot her class.
The item requires two attributes, A2 (Vocabulary and Expressions: overslept) and A4 (Facts and Details: missed the bus). A test taker would find answer key (c) if he/she only knows A2 (overslept), as it means the same as the answer key. However, if he/she only knows A4 (missed the bus), he/she would find (b) or (c), which means he/she has around 50% probability to find the right answer (c).
4. M: Where is Cindy?
W: She ran out of milk and went to get some.
Q: Why did Cindy go out?
a. She went out jogging.
b. She had no more milk.
c. She went out for a walk.
d. She was delivering milk.
A test taker would find answer key (b) only if he/she knows both the attributes, A2 (Vocabulary and Expressions: ran out of…) and A4 (Facts and Details: milk).