TABLE 4.

One-way ANOVA for age, and independent samples t-test for gender and educational attainment, on conspiracy beliefs and misinformation beliefs.

Dependent variables	Independent variables	df	F	Sig.	Mean score
Conspiracy beliefs	Age	8,781	76.35	0.00
	18–34				5.22
	35–54				4.81
	55 +				3.99
	Gender	8,781	13.82	0.24
	Male				4.63
	Female				4.69
	Education	8,710	15.70	0.00
	Secondary education or lower				4.83
	Tertiary education or higher				4.53
Misinformation beliefs	Age	8,781	91.62	0.00
	18–34				4.03
	35–54				3.54
	55 +				2.85
	Gender	8,781	49.04	0.00
	Male				3.56
	Female				3.33
	Education	8,710	4.23	0.00
	Secondary education or lower				3.52
	Tertiary education or higher				3.36

Answer options for both misinformation and conspiracy beliefs ranged from 1 to 10, with the high end of the scale denoting high misinformation/conspiracy beliefs.