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. 2021 Apr 16;12:652863. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.652863

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Graphical depiction of the multi-target antibacterial mechanisms of silver nanoparticles (NAg) on the cell surface and cell cytoplasm. (A) Adhesion and “pitting” of the cell membrane, and subsequent internalisation of NAg, along with Ag+ passage through outer membrane porin (OMP) channels, (B) uncoupling of respiratory chain by Ag+, (C) damage to biomolecules by reactive oxygen species (ROS) and intracellular NAg, and (D) disruption of cell signalling through protein dephosphorylation. Created in BioRender. Adapted from Dakal et al. (2016).