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. 2021 Apr 16;13:628541. doi: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.628541

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Copyright © 2021 Gao, Zhang, Zhou, Tao, Ni, Pei, Kang, Yan and Lu.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Anesthesia and surgery increased the activation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and decreased LC3-II and Beclin-1 levels in the hippocampus. (A) Representative western blot illustrating p-mTOR, LC3-II and Beclin-1 levels in the hippocampus on days 1, 3 and 7 after surgery. (B) Anesthesia/surgery increased p-mTOR expression in the hippocampus on days 1, 3 and 7 after anesthesia/surgery. (C,D) Anesthesia/surgery reduced LC3-II and Beclin-1 levels in the hippocampus on days 1, 3 and 7 after anesthesia/surgery. Data are mean ± SEM (n = 6 per group). ***p < 0.001 vs. Con. Con, control group; A/S, anesthesia/surgery group.