Table 4.

Hierarchical regression analysis predicting Problematic Social Media Use (PSMU).

Model	Model 1				Model 2				Model 3				Model 4
	B	SE	β	t	B	SE	β	t	B	SE	β	t	B	SE	β	t	ΔR2	${\text{R}}_{\text{Adj}}^2$
Block 1—Socio-demographics [F(6, 5, 504) = 10.38; p < 0.001]																	0.01	0.01
Age	−0.14	0.04	−0.05	−3.55**	−0.15	0.04	−0.06	−3.75**	−0.13	0.04	−0.05	−3.18*	−0.13	0.04	−0.05	−3.61**
Gendera	0.05	0.14	0.01	0.35	0.11	0.14	0.01	0.80	0.07	0.14	0.01	0.50	−0.24	0.13	−0.03	−1.91
Educational levelb	−0.42	0.17	−0.04	−2.51	−0.43	0.17	−0.04	−2.60	−0.56	0.17	−0.05	−3.37*	−0.25	0.15	−0.02	−1.74
Family typec	−0.13	0.16	−0.01	−0.82	−0.07	0.16	−0.01	−0.45	0.20	0.16	0.02	1.25	0.20	0.14	0.02	1.38
Socioeconomic status (SES)d	0.11	0.09	−0.04	−2.76	−0.24	0.09	−0.04	−2.53	−0.27	0.09	−0.04	−2.89	−0.16	0.08	−0.03	−1.99
Residenced	0.71	0.14	0.07	4.96**	0.62	0.14	0.06	4.33**	0.50	0.14	0.05	3.53**	0.20	0.13	0.02	1.56
Block 2—Lifestyle factors [F(10, 5, 500) = 12.30; p < 0.001]																	0.01	0.02
Physical exercisef					0.83	0.13	0.08	6.20**	0.50	0.14	0.05	3.60**	0.20	0.12	0.02	1.59
Sleeping hoursg					−0.25	0.12	−0.03	−2.14	−0.29	0.12	−0.03	−2.54	−0.32	0.10	−0.04	−3.12*
Smoking habitsf					−0.66	0.23	−0.04	−2.87	−0.40	0.23	−0.03	−1.76	0.15	0.20	0.01	0.75
Alcohol consumptionf					−0.74	0.39	−0.03	−1.89	−0.87	0.39	−0.03	−2.24	−1.06	0.34	−0.04	−3.09*
Block 3—Home quarantine regular/frequent activities [F(15, 5, 495) = 17.81; p < 0.001]																	0.02	0.04
Studyf									0.89	0.15	0.08	5.81**	0.12	0.14	0.01	0.90
Social media usef									−2.22	0.24	−0.12	−9.11**	−1.70	0.22	−0.10	−7.89**
Watching televisionf									−0.33	0.19	−0.02	−1.79	−0.46	0.17	−0.03	−2.77
Household choresf									0.09	0.16	0.01	0.55	−0.12	0.14	−0.01	−0.80
Earning activitiesf									0.36	0.16	0.03	2.29	0.14	0.14	0.01	0.99
Block 4—Psychological well-being [F(17, 5, 493) = 110.44; p < 0.001]																	0.21	0.25
Anxietyh													1.92	0.16	0.18	11.90**
Depressionh													3.44	0.15	0.34	22.88**

B, unstandardized regression coefficient; SE, standard error; β, standardized regression coefficient.

^a1 = Male, 2 = Female.

^b1 = College, 2 = University.

^c1 = Nuclear, 2 = Joint.

^d1 = Lower, 2 = Middle, 3 = Upper.

^e1 = Rural, 2 = Urban.

^f1 = Yes, 2 = No.

^g1 = <7 h, 2 = 7–9 h, 3= >9 h.

^h1 = Negative, 2 = Positive.

^*p < 0.003 and

^**p < 0.001.