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. 2021 Apr 16;12:607635. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2021.607635

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Copyright © 2021 Bai, Xu, Hang, Kuang, Ying, Zhou, Ni, Wang and Xue.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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GA promotes osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs partly via the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. (A) Relative protein expression levels of components of different signaling pathways were assessed by western blotting. hBMSCs were incubated with different concentrations of GA during osteogenic differentiation on day 3. The protein expression levels were normalized relative to that of GAPDH protein. (B) the quantitation of ratio (a beta-catenin/t beta-catenin) to reflect the activation of Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway. All tests were performed in triplicate. Data are expressed as means ± SD. **p < 0.01 compared to the control group.