Figure 1.

Serum levels of tau (A), neurofilament (NFL) (B), glial fibrillary acid protein (C), and ubiquitin-carboxy-terminal hydrolase L1 (D). Only NFL shows both a statistically significant and biologically robust difference in between groups since the difference in UCHL1 is mostly due to outliers. At first glance, the receiver operating characteristic curve (E) indicates that serum NFL may be of decent value in the question on whether epilepsy might be autoimmune-related. Of note is the fact that this may likely be a result of age alone since age strongly correlates with NFL levels both in AIE (“+ dots”) as in other etiologies (“-dots”) (F). *p < 0.05, **p < 0.001.