Table 2.
Clinical characteristics (metric).
| PNES (n = 8) | GGE (n = 7) | HS (n = 13) | AIE (n = 13) | Significance | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Median | IQR | Median | IQR | Median | IQR | Median | IQR | KW | ||
| Years | Age | 43.5 | 25.5 | 29 | 21 | 32 | 23.5 | 64 | 23 | p = 0.0014 |
| Disease duration | 4.5 | 6.5 | 8 | 8 | 14 | 15 | 1 | 2.5 | p < 0.0001 | |
| Serum | Tau, pg/ml | 0.91 | 2.19 | 0.44 | 0.57 | 0,47 | 1.07 | 0.83 | 0,84 | n.s. |
| NFL, pg/ml | 11.18 | 6.98 | 7.54 | 5.63 | 9.87 | 5.86 | 25 | 24.25 | p = 0.0009 | |
| UCHL-1, pg/ml | 8.05 | 13.65 | 8.65 | 18.26 | 8.11 | 10.13 | 24.86 | 23.82 | p = 0.0033 | |
| GFAP, pg/ml | 95.85 | 37.55 | 71.6 | 50.5 | 60 | 120.45 | 92.5 | 100.55 | n.s. | |
| CSF | Cells, /μl | 1 | 1.75 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 3.5 | n.s. |
| Protein, mg/dl | 380.2 | 131.62 | 319.4 | 312.6 | 341.4 | 140.65 | 435.9 | 193.1 | n.s. | |
| Tau, pg/ml | 42.76 | 33.77 | 33.04 | 49.92 | 39.6 | 33–42 | 60.4 | 72.1 | n.s. | |
| NFL, pg/ml | 281.76 | 185.59 | 254.62 | 193.84 | 548 | 374.4 | 912 | 1,148 | p = 0.0019 | |
| UCHL-1, pg/ml | 743.2 | 467.2 | 654.4 | 420 | 946.4 | 438.6 | 792.8 | 522 | n.s. | |
| GFAP, pg/ml | 5,660 | 3,470 | 5,720 | 3,112 | 7,000 | 5,552 | 5,880 | 8,424 | n.s. | |
AIE, autoimmune encephalitis; CSF, cerebrospinal fluid; HS, hippocampal sclerosis; IQR, interquartile range; PNES, psychogenic, non-epileptic seizures; KW, Kruskall–Wallis test with Dunn's post-hoc analysis.