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. 2021 Apr 16;12:645988. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.645988

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Copyright © 2021 Tang, Meng, Lin, Shen, Ooi, Eggenhuizen, Jin, Ding, Chen, Tang, Xiao, Ao, Peng, Zhou, Xiao, Zhong and Xiao

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Possible ligand-receptor interactions between different cell types in the kidney of IgAN patients. (A) Ligand-receptor signaling pathways between cell clusters in the kidney were analyzed and shown. (B) Representative ligand-receptor interactions between mesangial cells and endothelial cells. (C) Representative ligand-receptor interactions between mesangial cells and podocytes. (D) Representative ligand-receptor interactions between mesangial cells and loop of Henle cells. (E) Representative ligand-receptor interactions between mesangial cells and fibroblasts. Lines represented interrelations between the mesangial cells and other cells. Lines between the ligand and conjuncted receptor were shown. Each cell type was depicted by colors. Only IgAN patients (n = 4) were analyzed.