Table 1.

Studies on lung cancer with tongue metastasis

Ref.	Year	Basic information	Tongue metastasis as the initial presentation	Symptoms on presentation	Tongue metastasis location	Lung cancer pathology	Tongue as the sole metastatic site	Treatment	Outcome after diagnosis of tongue metastasis
Lee et al[11]	2018	63-yr-old; male; smoker	Yes	Dysphagia, painful tongue mass	Tip	Squamous cell carcinoma	Yes	Chemotherapy, tongue mass excision	Death after 8 mo
Cheng et al.[12]	2017	56-yr-old; male; smoker	No	Painful tongue nodule without ulceration, hoarseness	Base	Squamous cell carcinoma	Yes	Chemotherapy	Death after 7 mo
Jeba et al[13]	2016	45-yr-old; male; smoker	Yes	Tongue swelling without ulceration, dysarthria, dysphagia, hoarseness	Left anterior two-third, not crossing midline	Adenocarcinoma	No	Chemotherapy	Lost to follow-up
Ganesh et al[10]	2014	60-yr-old; male; unknown smoking history	No	Tongue swelling, left earache	Left lateral border	Spindle cell carcinoma (sarcomatoid carcinoma)	Yes	Patient refused treatment	NA
Mavili et al[8]	2010	58-yr-old; female; unknown smoking history	Yes	Painful tongue swelling, dyspnea	Right anterior	Adenocarcinoma	Yes	NA	Death after 2 mo
Wu et al[14]	2009	36-yr-old; female; unknown smoking history	No	Dysarthria, tongue swelling with deviation to left	Base	Adenocarcinoma	No	Chemo/target therapy and radiation	Death after 3 mo
Hatoum et al[15]	2008	63-yr-old; female; smoker	Yes	Painful tongue mass without ulceration, dysarthria, dysphagia	Entire right side, not involving the base	Adenocarcinoma	Yes	Chemotherapy	NA
Kurt et al[16]	2006	57-yr-old; male; smoker	No	Painful tongue nodule without ulceration	Anterior	Squamous cell carcinoma	No	Chemotherapy	Lost to follow-up
Terashima et al[17]	2004	63-yr-old; male; smoker	Yes	Painful tongue nodule without ulceration, dysarthria, dysphagia	Left side involving base and midline	Squamous cell carcinoma	No	Chemo-radiation	Death after 5 mo
Mui et al[18]	1999	65-yr-old; male; smoker	Yes	Tongue foreign body sensation and pain with ulceration, dysphagia, intermittent blood-streaked saliva	Right posterolateral	Large cell carcinoma	No	Chemo-radiation	Death after 4 mo
Shehab et al[19]	1994	70-yr-old; female; smoker	No	Tongue mass with ulceration	Right posterior one-third	Squamous cell carcinoma	No	Radiation	Death after 28 mo
Kim et al[20]	1979	74-yr-old; male; unknown smoking history	Yes	Tongue mass	Left anterior two-third	Adenocarcinoma	Yes	Radiation	Death during treatment

NA: Not available.