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. 2021 Apr 16;12:639716. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2021.639716

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Copyright © 2021 Marescotti, Lo Sasso, Guerrera, Renggli, Ruiz Castro, Piault, Jaquet, Moine, Luettich, Frentzel, Peitsch and Hoeng.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Test item assessment. Tricultures were treated basolaterally with increasing concentrations of (A,D) nicotine (B,E) (R/S)-anatabine, or (C,F) (S)-anatabine for 6 h and subsequently stimulated with 10 ng/ml LPS for 18 h. TEER, epithelial layer permeability, cell viability of differentiated Caco-2/HT29-MTX cells (A–C) and cytokine release and cell viability of differentiated THP-1 cells (D–F) were measured. TEER values are normalized to control (CTL; 100%) and LPS treatment (0%). Permeability is normalized by using LPS treatment as the reference (100%). Basolateral IL-8 and TNFα release are expressed as percentage of control (cells treated with LPS only; CTL; 100%). Cell viability values of Caco-2–HT29-MTX cocultures and THP-1 cells are expressed as percentage of control (cells treated with LPS only; CTL; 100%). n = 3 independent experiments. Statistical differences between the reference compound-treated vs. LPS-treated-only cultures were determined by a two-tailed t-test. *p ≤ 0.05; **p ≤ 0.01; ***p ≤ 0.001; ns, p > 0.05. Abbreviations: LPS, lipopolysaccharide; TEER, transepithelial electrical resistance; TNF, tumor necrosis factor; IL, interleukin; CTL, control.