Figure 9.

Mechanisms driving the development of atherosclerotic lesions in patients with type 2 diabetes (A) and effects of GLP-1 RAs on the progression of atherogenesis and the development of its complications (B). See the text for further details on the mechanisms involved and references to the supporting literature. EC: endothelial cell, eNOS: endothelial nitrous oxide synthase, ICAM-1: intercellular adhesion molecule-1, IL: interleukin, KLF-2: Krüppel-like factor-2, LDL: low-density lipoprotein, MCP-1: monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, NO: nitrous oxide, oxLDL: oxidized low-density lipoprotein, ROS: reactive oxygen species, TNF-α: tumor necrosis factor, VCAM-1: vascular cell adhesion protein 1, VSMC: vascular smooth muscle cell.