Table 2.
Logit regression model for factors influencing climate change perceptions among smallholder farmers.
| Variables | (1) |
(2) |
(3) |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Climate has changed |
Rainfall decreased |
Temperature increased |
||||
| Odds ratio | 95% CI | Odds ratio | 95% CI | Odds ratio | 95% CI | |
| Farmer is female (1 = yes) | 1.14 | [0.55,2.37] | 1.24 | [0.61,2.53] | 1.33 | [0.67,2.66] |
| Age of farmers in years | 0.96 | [0.81,1.14] | 0.88 | [0.75,1.04] | 1.00 | [0.86,1.17] |
| Age of farmer squared | 1.00 | [1.00,1.00] | 1.00 | [1.00,1.00] | 1.00 | [1.00,1.00] |
| Farmer is married (1 = yes) | 0.75 | [0.28,2.03] | 0.62 | [0.24,1.56] | 0.88 | [0.37,2.11] |
| Level of education attained is lower than secondary (1 = yes) | 0.80∗ | [0.30,2.13] | 0.60∗ | [0.23,1.56] | 0.72∗ | [0.30,1.73] |
| Level of education attained is higher than secondary (1 = yes) | 1.66∗ | [0.69,4.02] | 1.33∗ | [0.57,3.09] | 2.70∗ | [1.19,6.14] |
| Household size | 0.63 | [0.24,1.67] | 1.17 | [0.47,2.92] | 0.84 | [0.36,1.96] |
| Not a member of any social group (1 = yes) | 2.32∗ | [1.10,4.88] | 3.24∗∗ | [1.57,6.70] | 2.03∗ | [1.05,3.93] |
| Land size in acres (log transformed) | 2.17 | [0.99,4.78] | 2.10 | [0.98,4.49] | 1.74 | [0.86,3.52] |
| Access to agricultural extension (1 = yes) | 2.98 | [0.97,9.16] | 3.68∗ | [1.29,10.51] | 2.16 | [0.85,5.48] |
| Access to weather and Climate information (1 = yes) | 3.50∗∗ | [1.57,7.77] | 3.17∗∗ | [1.42,7.07] | 3.15∗∗ | [1.41,7.05] |
| Access to credit facilities (1 = yes) | 0.50 | [0.22,1.16] | 0.40∗ | [0.18,0.92] | 0.46 | [0.21,1.01] |
| Approximate monthly income in Ksh (log transformed) | 0.66∗ | [0.47,0.93] | 0.66∗ | [0.47,0.93] | 0.95 | [0.70,1.30] |
| Number of livestock owned | 1.10 | [0.98,1.23] | 1.04 | [0.99,1.09] | 1.04 | [1.00,1.08] |
| Distance to the nearest market (log transformed) | 1.84 | [0.69,4.91] | 4.37∗∗ | [1.63,11.75] | 0.99 | [0.46,2.15] |
| Worked with formal institutions in the recent past (1 = yes) | 0.62 | [0.17,2.23] | 0.86 | [0.25,2.96] | 0.24∗ | [0.07,0.83] |
| Ichuni ward | 0.67 | [0.26,1.69] | 1.22 | [0.48,3.06] | 0.65 | [0.27,1.57] |
| Gesusu Ward | 1.97 | [0.77,5.06] | 2.73∗ | [1.09,6.85] | 1.08 | [0.47,2.48] |
| Number of observations | 196 | 196 | 196 | |||
Notes: ∗∗∗Significant at 1% level; ∗∗significant at 5% level; ∗significant at 10% level; Reference categories are as follows ward = Masimba, education = secondary education. Dependent variables are dummy variables measuring climate change perceptions 1(climate change in general), 2(rainfall decreased), and 3(temperature increased), In parenthesis, are 95% Confidence Intervals (CI) for the odds ratios.