Table 2.

Age-standardized female breast cancer disability (DALYs) in relation to bioclinical factors and breast cancer screening programmes

	Coefficient	95% CI
Cardiovascular diseases	0.004	−0.00 to 0.01
Diabetes and kidney diseases	0.07	0.06 to 0.08
Neoplasms	0.08	0.06 to 0.10
High LDL-c	23.72	19.58 to 27.87
Smoking	42.94	37.22 to 48.67
Secondary smoke	−0.89	−1.71 to −0.07
High BMI	2.81	0.62 to 5.00
Only SBE/CBE tests	Reference
MM and/or SBE/CBE tests	−91.27	−158.17 to −24.37
DMM/US and/or the previous tests	−81.31	−156.06 to −6.56
No country/pilot screening programmea	Reference
Regional-wise screening programme	−51.37	−141.65 to 38.92
National-wise screening programme	−91.15	−186.32 to 4.02

Cardiovascular diseases, diabetes and kidney disease, and neoplasms are expressed as age-standardized disability adjusted years of life. Neoplasms estimates exclude breast cancer. High LDL-c, smoking, secondary smoke and high BMI are expressed as age-standardized summary exposure values (SEVs; range 0-100).

95 CIs, 95% confidence intervals; BMI, body mass index; CBE, clinical breast examination; DMM, digital mammography; DMM/US, digital mammography and/or ultrasound; LDL-c, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol; MM, mammography; SBE, self-breast examination; SBE/CBE tests, self-breast and/or clinical breast examination; SEV, summary exposure value; US, ultrasound.

^aNo country programme or existence of an opportunistic or pilot screening programme.