Table 1.
Characteristics of the study population (N=26,935).
| Variable | Overall (N=26,935) | 4-category step-defined physical activity level (steps/day, M1a) | Physical activity level variability (CVb, M1) | |||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
Sedentary (<5000 steps/day; n=11,232) | Low active (5000-7500; n=8266) | Somewhat active (7500-10,000; n=4837) | Active (≥10,000; n=2600) | Quartile 1 (≤40%; high regularity; n=6733) | Quartile 2 (40%- 51%; n=6734) | Quartile 3 (51%- 63%; n=6735) | Quartile 4 (>63%; low regularity; n=6733) | |||||||||||
| Age category (years), n (%) | ||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
18-30 | 553 (2.1) | 206 (1.8) | 184 (2.2) | 103 (2.1) | 60 (2.3) | 139 (2.1) | 150 (2.2) | 145 (2.2) | 119 (1.8) | ||||||||||
|
|
31-40 | 3556 (13.2) | 1298 (11.6) | 1221 (14.8) | 692 (14.3) | 345 (13.3) | 817 (12.1) | 977 (14.5) | 923 (13.7) | 839 (12.5) | ||||||||||
|
|
41-50 | 8214 (30.5) | 3095 (27.6) | 2678 (32.4) | 1621 (33.5) | 820 (31.5) | 2058 (30.6) | 2050 (30.5) | 2112 (31.4) | 1994 (29.5) | ||||||||||
| 51-60 | 8225 (30.5) | 3427 (30.5) | 2471 (29.9) | 1503 (31.1) | 824 (31.7) | 2007 (29.8) | 2068 (30.7) | 2032 (30.2) | 2118 (31.5) | |||||||||||
|
|
>60 | 6387 (23.7) | 3206 (28.5) | 1712 (20.7) | 918 (19.0) | 551 (21.2) | 1712 (25.4) | 1489 (22.1) | 1523 (22.5) | 1663 (24.7) | ||||||||||
| Sex, n (%) | ||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
Male | 23,580 (87.5) | 9589 (85.4) | 7406 (89.6) | 4281 (88.5) | 2304 (88.6) | 5854 (86.9) | 5947 (88.3) | 5965 (88.6) | 5814 (86.4) | ||||||||||
|
|
Female | 3355 (12.5) | 1643 (14.6) | 860 (10.4) | 556 (11.5) | 296 (11.4) | 879 (13.1) | 787 (11.7) | 770 (11.4) | 919 (13.6) | ||||||||||
| Baseline weight (kg), mean (SD) | 88.9 (18.9) | 91.7 (20.7) | 88.5 (17.7) | 85.9 (16.7) | 84.1 (15.8) | 87.5 (18.6) | 89.6 (19.1) | 89.7 (18.8) | 88.9 (18.8) | |||||||||||
| 6-month weight change (kg)c, mean (SD) | –1.6 (5.4) | –1.3 (5.5) | –1.6 (5.1) | –1.9 (5.3) | –2.6 (5.5) | –2.0 (5.6) | –1.7 (5.4) | –1.6 (5.4) | 1.2 (5.0) | |||||||||||
| Physical activity level during M1 (steps/day), mean (SD) | 5940.4 (2929.8) | 3276.6 (1115.5) | 6161.6 (713.2) | 8593.0 (714.8) | 11809.8 (1621.5) | 7666.9 (3475.4) | 6266.3 (2694.0) | 5421.2 (2394.3) | 4407.2 (1887.5) | |||||||||||
| Physical activity level CV during M1 (%), mean (SD) | 53.4 (18.9) | 60.7 (20.7) | 53.3 (16.0) | 45.7 (12.6) | 36.5 (11.3) | 32.7 (6.3) | 45.6 (3.0) | 56.4 (3.6) | 78.9 (14.8) | |||||||||||
| Number of step measurements during M1d, median (IQR) | 28.0 (23.0-30.0) | 25.0 (18.0-29.0) | 29.0 (25.0-30.0) | 29.0 (27.0-30.0) | 29.0 (26.0-30.0) | 29.0 (26.0-30.0) | 29.0 (25.0-30.0) | 28.0 (23.0-30.0) | 25.0 (19.0-29.0) | |||||||||||
| Physical activity level during M6e (steps/day), mean (SD) | 6084.7 (2977.7) | 4203.5 (2068.8) | 6232.7 (2139.8) | 7984.8 (2394.6) | 10206.4 (3013.2) | 7364.3 (3314.5) | 6341.2 (2852.6) | 5705.5 (2641.9) | 4928.1 (2486.5) | |||||||||||
| Physical activity level CV during M6 (%), mean (SD) | 52.1 (18.6) | 57.3 (20.0) | 51.2 (16.6) | 46.9 (15.5) | 41.9 (16.0) | 42.5 (15.2) | 49.0 (15.3) | 54.4 (17.0) | 62.4 (20.5) | |||||||||||
| Number of step measurements during M6d, median (IQR) | 28.0 (21.0-30.0) | 26.0 (18.0-29.0) | 28.0 (22.0-30.0) | 29.0 (24.0-30.0) | 28.0 (24.5-30.0) | 29.0 (23.0-30.0) | 28.0 (22.0-30.0) | 27.0 (21.0-30.0) | 26.0 (19.0-29.0) | |||||||||||
| Change in physical activity level (steps/day)c, mean (SD) | 144.4 (2305.5) | 926.9 (1948.0) | 71.2 (2089.0) | −608.2 (2366.6) | −1603.4 (2759.4) | −302.7 (2372.9) | 74.9 (2287.5) | 284.3 (2194.7) | 520.9 (2284.2) | |||||||||||
| Change in physical activity level CV (%)c, mean (SD) | −1.3 (20.4) | −3.4 (24.2) | −2.1 (17.9) | 1.2 (15.6) | 5.4 (15.2) | 9.8 (15.5) | 3.4 (15.4) | −2.0 (17.0) | −16.5 (22.8) | |||||||||||
| Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg)f,g, mean (SD) | 127.4 (11.4) | 128.8 (11.8) | 127.2 (11.4) | 125.8 (10.9) | 124.5 (10.3) | 126.3 (11.2) | 127.2 (11.4) | 127.9 (11.5) | 128.1 (11.6) | |||||||||||
| Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg), n (%) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| ≤122 | 7709 (28.6) | 2831 (25.2) | 2372 (28.7) | 1571 (32.5) | 935 (36.0) | 2110 (31.3) | 1990 (29.6) | 1821 (27.0) | 1788 (26.6) | |||||||||||
|
|
122-132 | 7579 (28.1) | 3056 (27.2) | 2328 (28.2) | 1404 (29.0) | 791 (30.3) | 1936 (28.8) | 1827 (27.1) | 1926 (28.6) | 1890 (28.1) | ||||||||||
| >132 | 7646 (28.4) | 3691 (32.9) | 2322 (28.1) | 1127 (23.3) | 506 (19.5) | 1698 (25.2) | 1929 (28.6) | 1985 (29.5) | 2034 (30.1) | |||||||||||
| Unknown | 4001 (14.9) | 1654 (14.7) | 1244 (15.0) | 735 (15.2) | 368 (14.2) | 989 (14.7) | 988 (14.7) | 1003 (14.9) | 1021 (15.2) | |||||||||||
| Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg)f,g, mean (SD) | 79.2 (8.2) | 79.9 (8.3) | 79.2 (8.2) | 78.4 (8.0) | 77.3 (7.8) | 78.6 (8.2) | 79.2 (8.2) | 79.5 (8.2) | 79.4 (8.2) | |||||||||||
| Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg), n (%) | ||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
≤76 | 7643 (28.4) | 2876 (25.6) | 2336 (28.3) | 1504 (31.1) | 927 (35.7) | 2077 (30.8) | 1916 (28.5) | 1820 (27.0) | 1830 (27.2) | ||||||||||
|
|
76-82 | 7640 (28.4) | 3194 (28.5) | 2327 (28.2) | 1379 (28.5) | 740 (28.5) | 1891 (28.1) | 1901 (28.2) | 1890 (28.1) | 1958 (29.0) | ||||||||||
|
|
>82 | 7651 (28.3) | 3508 (31.2) | 2359 (28.5) | 1219 (25.2) | 565 (21.6) | 1776 (26.4) | 1929 (28.6) | 2022 (30.0) | 1924 (28.6) | ||||||||||
| Unknown | 4001 (14.9) | 1654 (14.7) | 1244 (15.0) | 735 (15.2) | 368 (14.2) | 989 (14.7) | 988 (14.7) | 1003 (14.9) | 1021 (15.2) | |||||||||||
| Heart rate (bpm)f,h, mean (SD) | 70.6 (10.0) | 71.6 (10.2) | 70.4 (9.9) | 69.8 (9.7) | 68.6 (9.5) | 71.0 (9.9) | 71.0 (9.8) | 70.7 (10.0) | 69.8 (10.1) | |||||||||||
| Heart rate (bpm), n (%) | ||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
≤66 | 8239 (30.6) | 3071 (27.3) | 2575 (31.2) | 1627 (33.6) | 966 (37.2) | 1956 (29.1) | 1962 (29.1) | 2028 (30.1) | 2293 (34.1) | ||||||||||
|
|
66-75 | 8243 (30.6) | 3409 (30.4) | 2548 (30.7) | 1484 (30.7) | 802 (30.8) | 2100 (31.2) | 2054 (30.5) | 2075 (30.8) | 2014 (29.8) | ||||||||||
|
|
>75 | 8243 (30.6) | 3777 (33.6) | 2477 (30.0) | 1371 (28.4) | 618 (23.8) | 2129 (31.6) | 2181 (32.4) | 2083 (30.9) | 1850 (27.5) | ||||||||||
|
|
Unknown | 2210 (8.2) | 975 (8.7) | 666 (8.1) | 355 (7.3) | 214 (8.2) | 548 (8.1) | 537 (8.0) | 549 (8.2) | 576 (8.6) | ||||||||||
| Predominant season during the follow-up, n (%) | ||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
Winter | 6153 (22.9) | 2520 (22.4) | 1960 (23.7) | 1098 (22.7) | 575 (22.0) | 1559 (23.2) | 1672 (24.8) | 1557 (23.1) | 1365 (20.3) | ||||||||||
|
|
Spring | 5739 (21.3) | 2326 (20.7) | 1759 (21.3) | 1119 (23.1) | 535 (20.6) | 1593 (23.7) | 1517 (22.5) | 1405 (20.9) | 1224 (18.2) | ||||||||||
|
|
Summer | 7627 (28.3) | 3493 (31.1) | 2251 (27.2) | 1216 (25.2) | 667 (25.7) | 1559 (23.2) | 1702 (25.3) | 1981 (29.4) | 2385 (35.4) | ||||||||||
|
|
Fall | 7416 (27.5) | 2893 (25.8) | 2296 (27.8) | 1404 (29.0) | 823 (31.7) | 2022 (29.9) | 1843 (27.4) | 1792 (26.6) | 1759 (26.1) | ||||||||||
aM1: first 30-day period of activity tracker use.
bCV: coefficient of variation.
cChange=M1 value subtracted from the M6 value. Positive change indicates an increase during the follow-up.
dMedian (IQR) are presented instead of mean (SD) due to skewed distributions.
eM6: sixth 30-day period of activity tracker use.
fEvaluated using all the data available during M1 to 6 months prior.
gThe mean was calculated on a sample of the study population of n=22,934 because of missing data for some participants.
hThe mean was calculated on a sample of the study population of n=24,725 because of missing data for some participants.