Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of our Kaiser Permanente Southern California patient cohort during 2012-2016.
| Characteristics | Data instances associated with no asthma-related hospital visit in the succeeding year (n=763,837), n (%) | Data instances associated with asthma-related hospital visits in the succeeding year (n=18,925), n (%) | Data instances (n=782,762), n (%) | ||||
| Age (years) | |||||||
|
|
≥65 | 108,662 (14.23) | 2288 (12.09) | 110,950 (14.17) | |||
|
|
18-65 | 415,889 (54.45) | 8557 (45.22) | 424,446 (54.22) | |||
|
|
6 to <18 | 188,583 (24.69) | 5039 (26.63) | 193,622 (24.74) | |||
|
|
<6 | 50,703 (6.64) | 3041 (16.07) | 53,744 (6.87) | |||
| Gender | |||||||
|
|
Female | 443,410 (58.05) | 10,590 (55.96) | 454,000 (58.00) | |||
|
|
Male | 320,427 (41.95) | 8335 (44.04) | 328,762 (42.00) | |||
| Race | |||||||
|
|
White | 477,542 (62.52) | 10,040 (53.05) | 487,582 (62.29) | |||
|
|
Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander | 7692 (1.01) | 230 (1.22) | 7922 (1.01) | |||
|
|
Black or African American | 110,869 (14.51) | 4982 (26.33) | 115,851 (14.80) | |||
|
|
Asian | 68,781 (9.00) | 1282 (6.77) | 70,063 (8.95) | |||
|
|
American Indian or Alaska native | 3745 (0.49) | 86 (0.45) | 3831 (0.49) | |||
|
|
Unknown or unreported | 95,208 (12.46) | 2305 (12.18) | 97,513 (12.46) | |||
| Ethnicity | |||||||
|
|
Non-Hispanic | 449,795 (58.89) | 10,577 (55.89) | 460,372 (58.81) | |||
|
|
Hispanic | 299,240 (39.18) | 8131 (42.96) | 307,371 (39.27) | |||
|
|
Unknown or unreported | 14,802 (1.94) | 217 (1.15) | 15,019 (1.92) | |||
| Insurance | |||||||
|
|
Self-paid plan | 104,479 (13.68) | 2224 (11.75) | 106,703 (13.63) | |||
|
|
Public | 216,320 (28.32) | 7469 (39.47) | 223,789 (28.59) | |||
|
|
High deductible plan | 80,393 (10.52) | 1426 (7.54) | 81,819 (10.45) | |||
|
|
Exchange (also known as marketplace) | 39,050 (5.11) | 735 (3.88) | 39,785 (5.08) | |||
|
|
Commercial (employer-paid) | 521,101 (68.22) | 11,311 (59.77) | 532,412 (68.02) | |||
|
|
Other | 265,264 (34.73) | 6064 (32.04) | 271,328 (34.66) | |||
| Number of years from the first visit related to asthma in the data set | |||||||
|
|
>3 | 439,930 (57.59) | 10,919 (57.70) | 450,849 (57.60) | |||
|
|
≤3 | 323,907 (42.41) | 8006 (42.30) | 331,913 (42.40) | |||
| Asthma medication fill | |||||||
|
|
Systemic corticosteroid | 236,246 (30.93) | 10,837 (57.26) | 247,083 (31.57) | |||
|
|
Short-acting, inhaled beta-2 agonist | 537,442 (70.36) | 16,242 (85.82) | 553,684 (70.73) | |||
|
|
Mast cell stabilizer | 20 (0.00) | 0 (0.00) | 20 (0.00) | |||
|
|
Long-acting beta-2 agonist | 33,576 (4.40) | 1694 (8.95) | 35,270 (4.51) | |||
|
|
Leukotriene modifier | 85,299 (11.17) | 4125 (21.80) | 89,424 (11.42) | |||
|
|
Combination of long-acting beta-2 agonist and inhaled corticosteroid | 88,847 (11.63) | 3975 (21.00) | 92,822 (11.86) | |||
|
|
Inhaled corticosteroid | 325,156 (42.57) | 11,841 (62.57) | 336,997 (43.05) | |||
| Comorbidity | |||||||
|
|
Sleep apnea | 20,465 (2.68) | 575 (3.04) | 21,040 (2.69) | |||
|
|
Sinusitis | 112,341 (14.71) | 2832 (14.96) | 115,173 (14.71) | |||
|
|
Premature birth | 16,607 (2.17) | 690 (3.65) | 17,297 (2.21) | |||
|
|
Obesity | 171,666 (22.47) | 4776 (25.24) | 176,442 (22.54) | |||
|
|
Gastroesophageal reflux | 101,180 (13.25) | 2778 (14.68) | 103,958 (13.28) | |||
|
|
Eczema | 82,425 (10.79) | 2944 (15.56) | 85,369 (10.91) | |||
|
|
Cystic fibrosis | 135 (0.02) | 3 (0.02) | 138 (0.02) | |||
|
|
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 27,388 (3.59) | 999 (5.28) | 28,387 (3.63) | |||
|
|
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia | 241 (0.03) | 22 (0.12) | 263 (0.03) | |||
|
|
Anxiety or depression | 160,719 (21.04) | 4231 (22.36) | 164,950 (21.07) | |||
|
|
Allergic rhinitis | 164,036 (21.48) | 4673 (24.69) | 168,709 (21.55) | |||
| Smoking status | |||||||
|
|
Never smoker or unknown | 477,263 (62.48) | 11,885 (62.80) | 489,148 (62.49) | |||
|
|
Former smoker | 133,456 (17.47) | 2870 (15.17) | 136,326 (17.42) | |||
|
|
Current smoker | 153,118 (20.05) | 4170 (22.03) | 157,288 (20.09) | |||