Table 2.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of our Kaiser Permanente Southern California patient cohort in 2017.
| Characteristics | Data instances associated with no asthma-related hospital visit in the succeeding year (n=200,391), n (%) | Data instances associated with asthma-related hospital visits in the succeeding year (n=4353), n (%) | Data instances (n=204,744), n (%) | ||||
| Age (years) | |||||||
|
|
≥65 | 35,342 (17.64) | 679 (15.60) | 36,021 (17.59) | |||
|
|
18-65 | 109,969 (54.88) | 2052 (47.14) | 112,021 (54.71) | |||
|
|
6 to <18 | 43,856 (21.89) | 1012 (23.25) | 44,868 (21.91) | |||
|
|
<6 | 11,224 (5.60) | 610 (14.01) | 11,834 (5.78) | |||
| Gender | |||||||
|
|
Female | 118,013 (58.89) | 2482 (57.02) | 120,495 (58.85) | |||
|
|
Male | 82,378 (41.11) | 1871 (42.98) | 84,249 (41.15) | |||
| Race | |||||||
|
|
White | 124,514 (62.14) | 2302 (52.88) | 126,816 (61.94) | |||
|
|
Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander | 1910 (0.95) | 42 (0.96) | 1952 (0.95) | |||
|
|
Black or African American | 26,864 (13.41) | 1075 (24.70) | 27,939 (13.65) | |||
|
|
Asian | 18,555 (9.26) | 319 (7.33) | 18,874 (9.22) | |||
|
|
American Indian or Alaska native | 987 (0.49) | 31 (0.71) | 1018 (0.50) | |||
|
|
Unknown or unreported | 27,561 (13.75) | 584 (13.42) | 28,145 (13.75) | |||
| Ethnicity | |||||||
|
|
Non-Hispanic | 116,801 (58.29) | 2410 (55.36) | 119,211 (58.22) | |||
|
|
Hispanic | 78,153 (39.00) | 1868 (42.91) | 80,021 (39.08) | |||
|
|
Unknown or unreported | 5437 (2.71) | 75 (1.72) | 5512 (2.69) | |||
| Insurance | |||||||
|
|
Self-paid plan | 33,758 (16.85) | 647 (14.86) | 34,405 (16.80) | |||
|
|
Public | 64,727 (32.30) | 1904 (43.74) | 66,631 (32.54) | |||
|
|
High deductible plan | 24,647 (12.30) | 356 (8.18) | 25,003 (12.21) | |||
|
|
Exchange (also known as marketplace) | 17,677 (8.82) | 269 (6.18) | 17,946 (8.77) | |||
|
|
Commercial (employer-paid) | 127,724 (63.74) | 2420 (55.59) | 130,144 (63.56) | |||
|
|
Other | 83,108 (41.47) | 1675 (38.48) | 84,783 (41.41) | |||
| Number of years from the first visit related to asthma in the data set | |||||||
|
|
>3 | 116,285 (58.03) | 2616 (60.10) | 118,901 (58.07) | |||
|
|
≤3 | 84,106 (41.97) | 1737 (39.90) | 85,843 (41.93) | |||
| Asthma medication fill | |||||||
|
|
Systemic corticosteroid | 64,878 (32.38) | 2597 (59.66) | 67,475 (32.96) | |||
|
|
Short-acting, inhaled beta-2 agonist | 137,077 (68.40) | 3742 (85.96) | 140,819 (68.78) | |||
|
|
Mast cell stabilizer | 0 (0.00) | 0 (0.00) | 0 (0.00) | |||
|
|
Long-acting beta-2 agonist | 11,343 (5.66) | 467 (10.73) | 11,810 (5.77) | |||
|
|
Leukotriene modifier | 26,996 (13.47) | 1099 (25.25) | 28,095 (13.72) | |||
|
|
Combination of long-acting beta-2 agonist and inhaled corticosteroid | 28,580 (14.26) | 1151 (26.44) | 29,731 (14.52) | |||
|
|
Inhaled corticosteroid | 78,220 (39.03) | 2586 (59.41) | 80,806 (39.47) | |||
| Comorbidity | |||||||
|
|
Sleep apnea | 12,811 (6.39) | 333 (7.65) | 13,144 (6.42) | |||
|
|
Sinusitis | 29,202 (14.57) | 680 (15.62) | 29,882 (14.59) | |||
|
|
Premature birth | 4381 (2.19) | 132 (3.03) | 4513 (2.20) | |||
|
|
Obesity | 48,548 (24.23) | 1190 (27.34) | 49,738 (24.29) | |||
|
|
Gastroesophageal reflux | 32,462 (16.20) | 797 (18.31) | 33,259 (16.24) | |||
|
|
Eczema | 20,521 (10.24) | 638 (14.66) | 21,159 (10.33) | |||
|
|
Cystic fibrosis | 40 (0.02) | 2 (0.05) | 42 (0.02) | |||
|
|
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 7306 (3.65) | 285 (6.55) | 7591 (3.71) | |||
|
|
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia | 29 (0.01) | 1 (0.02) | 30 (0.01) | |||
|
|
Anxiety or depression | 46,176 (23.04) | 1124 (25.82) | 47,300 (23.10) | |||
|
|
Allergic rhinitis | 39,849 (19.89) | 1084 (24.90) | 40,933 (19.99) | |||
| Smoking status | |||||||
|
|
Never smoker or unknown | 125,245 (62.50) | 2663 (61.18) | 127,908 (62.47) | |||
|
|
Former smoker | 36,026 (17.98) | 717 (16.47) | 36,743 (17.95) | |||
|
|
Current smoker | 39,120 (19.52) | 973 (22.35) | 40,093 (19.58) | |||