Table 2.
Application of MiRNA in Diagnosis and Treatment of B-ALL
| MicroRNA | Expression in B-ALL | Target | Mechanism of Dysregulation | Function | Material | Sample | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| miR-29c-5p | Downregulation | AFF1; KMT2A | Transcriptional dysregulation in cancer; Calcium signaling may be upregulated | Distinguish childhood T-ALL from B-ALL | BM | 8 B-ALL and with 8 T-ALL patients (Brazilian children) | [58] |
| miR-2909 | Upregulation | KLF4↓ | Decrease in tumor suppressor | Inhibition of apoptosis; Distinguish T-ALL and B-ALL | - | 30 pediatric B-ALL and 20 T-ALL cases and 50 controls | [59] |
| miR-21 | Upregulation | PDCD4, PTEN and TPM1 | - | Poorer DFS and OS | PB or BM | 75 pediatric B-ALL and 50 healthy controls | [6] |
| miR-151-5p, miR-451 | Downregulation | - | - | Independent prognostic markers for relapse; MiR-151 could distinguish T-ALL and B-ALL | BM | 189 pediatric ALL patients | [63] |
| miR-1290 | Upregulation | - | - | Independent prognostic markers for relapse | BM | 189 pediatric ALL patients | [63] |
| miR-101-3p, miR-1324, miR-4774-5p, miR-631, miR-922 and miR-4699 | Upregulation | - | - | - | BM | 6 early relapse and 6 prolonged remission patients and an independent set of 14 early relapse and 14 prolonged remission specimens | [64] |
| miR-708 | Upregulation | CNTFR, NNAT and GNG12↓ | Affecting hematopoietic differentiation; Activating JAK/STAT signal transduction | Increase in cell proliferation | BM | 34 pre-B-ALL cell patients and cell line | [10] |
| miR-708, miR-223 and miR-27a | miR-708 was upregulated; miR-223 and miR-27a were downregulated | E2F1, MDR1, FOXO3 | Activating cell proliferation and leukemia remission to relapse | Biomarkers for Glucocorticoid therapy response and predicting RFS | BM | B-ALL patients | [67] |
| miR-335 | Downregulation | Activating MAPK1-mediated survival of cells | DNA methylation; PRED resistance | Poorer 5-year EFS and GC resistance | BM | 56 B-ALL and 7 T-ALL patients | [68] |
| hsa-miR-17-5p | Upregulation | Bim protein levels↓ | - | GC resistance | A computational approach | PALL | [69] |
| miR-99a, miR-100, miR-125b-5p | - | - | - | Resistance to daunorubicin and vincristine | - | Pediatric B-ALL patients | [70] |
| hsa-miR-3143, hsa-miR-744-3p, hsa-miR-6503-3p, hsa-miR-1226-3p, hsa-miR-4658, hsa-miR-493-3p, hsa-miR-10-5p | Differentially expressed between LPs and LSCs | - | Affecting leukemogenesis, clone and stemness capacities | Prediction for the presence of resistant LSCs | BM | Tree adult Ph+ B-ALL patients | [71] |
| miR-3173 | Downregulation | PTK2↑ | Activated proliferation, migration and invasion | Having therapeutic potential | PB | 135 pediatric B-ALL and controls | [12] |
| miR-19b | Upregulation | - | Increase in apoptosis | miR-19b inhibitors could inhibit the proliferation | - | - | [75] |
miRNA, microRNA; B-ALL, B-cell acute B-lymphoblastic leukemia; T-ALL, T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia; Ph+ B-ALL, B-cell Acute lymphoblastic leukemia with chromosome positive in Philadelphia; DFS, disease-free survival; OS, overall survival; LSC, stationary leukemia stem cells; LPs, leukemia progenitor cells; GC, Glucocorticoid; EFS, event-free survival.