Table 5.
Multinomial logistic regression of ZBI latent classes
| High caregiving burden group VS. low caregiving burden group | Medium caregiving burden group VS. low caregiving burden group | High caregiving burden group VS. medium caregiving burden group | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR | 95 % CI | p | OR | 95 % CI | p | OR | 95 % CI | p | ||||
| Age | 0.97 | 0.93 | 1.02 | 0.234 | 0.99 | 0.96 | 1.03 | 0.611 | 0.98 | 0.94 | 1.02 | 0.413 |
| Gender | ||||||||||||
| Male | 0.55 | 0.10 | 2.95 | 0.487 | 0.17 | 0.03 | 0.93 | 0.041 | 3.26 | 0.42 | 25.16 | 0.257 |
| Female | Ref | Ref | Ref | |||||||||
| Ethnicity | ||||||||||||
| Chinese | Ref | Ref | Ref | |||||||||
| Malay | 0.40 | 0.11 | 1.53 | 0.181 | 0.53 | 0.19 | 1.50 | 0.231 | 0.76 | 0.21 | 2.79 | 0.679 |
| Indian & others | 2.79 | 0.69 | 11.18 | 0.149 | 0.64 | 0.17 | 2.52 | 0.527 | 4.32 | 0.96 | 19.43 | 0.056 |
| Education level | ||||||||||||
| Secondary or below (include N/O level) | 0.33 | 0.13 | 0.86 | 0.022 | 0.54 | 0.25 | 1.20 | 0.133 | 0.61 | 0.26 | 1.45 | 0.265 |
| A level, polytechnic and other diploma | 0.33 | 0.12 | 0.93 | 0.036 | 0.76 | 0.35 | 1.67 | 0.495 | 0.44 | 0.17 | 1.14 | 0.089 |
| Degree or above | Ref | Ref | Ref | |||||||||
| Marital status | ||||||||||||
| Single | Ref | Ref | Ref | |||||||||
| Married/divorced/widowed | 0.57 | 0.23 | 1.43 | 0.228 | 0.63 | 0.30 | 1.33 | 0.224 | 0.91 | 0.40 | 2.04 | 0.809 |
| Employment status | ||||||||||||
| Unemployed/retired/housewife | Ref | Ref | Ref | |||||||||
| Employed | 0.62 | 0.26 | 1.45 | 0.268 | 0.81 | 0.39 | 1.67 | 0.571 | 0.76 | 0.34 | 1.70 | 0.504 |
| Relationship to the PWD | ||||||||||||
| Spouse | Ref | Ref | Ref | |||||||||
| Son | 0.56 | 0.08 | 3.92 | 0.560 | 4.32 | 0.69 | 27.09 | 0.118 | 0.13 | 0.01 | 1.22 | 0.074 |
| Daughter | 0.61 | 0.12 | 3.02 | 0.543 | 0.85 | 0.23 | 3.23 | 0.813 | 0.71 | 0.16 | 3.29 | 0.666 |
| Others | 0.14 | 0.02 | 0.99 | 0.049 | 0.52 | 0.12 | 2.26 | 0.381 | 0.27 | 0.04 | 1.83 | 0.180 |
| Living arrangement | ||||||||||||
| Living withith PWD | 0.70 | 0.26 | 1.89 | 0.478 | 1.10 | 0.51 | 2.37 | 0.816 | 0.64 | 0.24 | 1.67 | 0.357 |
| Living separately from PWD | Ref | Ref | Ref | |||||||||
| Domestic helper | ||||||||||||
| Have | 1.60 | 0.66 | 3.88 | 0.302 | 1.13 | 0.56 | 2.29 | 0.733 | 1.41 | 0.61 | 3.26 | 0.420 |
| Don’t have | Ref | Ref | Ref | |||||||||
| Received formal support during past month | ||||||||||||
| Yes | Ref | Ref | Ref | |||||||||
| No | 0.52 | 0.23 | 1.16 | 0.110 | 0.87 | 0.44 | 1.70 | 0.678 | 0.59 | 0.28 | 1.28 | 0.183 |
| Self-rated health | ||||||||||||
| Fair or poor | Ref | Ref | Ref | |||||||||
| Good or excellent | 0.35 | 0.16 | 0.78 | 0.010 | 0.83 | 0.43 | 1.60 | 0.580 | 0.42 | 0.20 | 0.90 | 0.025 |
| Weekly caregiving hours | 1.01 | 1.002 | 1.02 | 0.022 | 1.001 | 0.99 | 1.01 | 0.772 | 1.01 | 1.001 | 1.02 | 0.029 |
| Caregiving duration (months) | 1.00 | 0.99 | 1.01 | 0.597 | 0.9980 | 0.99 | 1.00 | 0.403 | 1.00 | 0.99 | 1.01 | 0.895 |
| ADL | 1.49 | 1.12 | 1.99 | 0.006 | 1.19 | 0.95 | 1.49 | 0.123 | 1.25 | 0.96 | 1.63 | 0.102 |
| IADL | 0.85 | 0.63 | 1.15 | 0.285 | 1.02 | 0.81 | 1.29 | 0.871 | 0.83 | 0.62 | 1.12 | 0.221 |
| MBP | 1.46 | 1.27 | 1.67 | < 0.001 | 1.24 | 1.11 | 1.39 | < 0.001 | 1.17 | 1.04 | 1.33 | 0.012 |