Table 2.
Pre-hospital times, Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), systolic blood pressure (SBP) and selected pre-hospital therapeutic interventions subdivided by the three groups
| TBI with hypotension (group 1) n = 50 |
TBI without hypotension (group 2) n = 92 |
No TBI (group 3) n = 145 |
p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pre-hospital times | ||||
| Treatment free interval, min, median (range) | 27.5 (3–130) | 16 (2–1001) | 20 (1–469) | 0.239 |
| Total pre-hospital time, min, median (range) | 82 (30–1560) | 88.5 (20–1047) | 80 (13–1274) | 0.137 |
| Level of pre-hospital care | ||||
| No care, n (%) | 0 (0%) | 5 (5%) | 9 (6%) | 0.195 |
| Basic life support, n (%) | 5 (10%) | 12 (13%) | 36 (26%) | 0.014 |
| Advanced life support, n (%) | 45 (90%) | 73 (80%) | 93 (66%) | 0.001 |
| Pre-hospital SBP and GCS | ||||
| Pre-hospital SBP, mmHg, mean ± SD | 103.0 ± 26.2 | 117.8 ± 26.0 | 116.4 ± 23.3 | 0.012 |
| Pre-hospital GCS, mean ± SD | 8.5 ± 4.3 | 9.6 ± 4.3 | 14.3 ± 1.7 | < 0.001 |
| Pre-hospital GCS ≤ 8, n (%) | 27 (54%) | 39 (43%) | 2 (1%) | < 0.001 |
| Selected pre-hospital therapeutic interventions | ||||
| Crystalloid fluids, ml, mean ± SD | 758 ± 339 | 587 ± 381 | 580 ± 413 | 0.011 |
| Vasopressor therapy, n (%) | 4 (12%) | 0 (0%) | 2 (2%) | 0.005 |
| Intubation, n (%) | 28 (56%) | 42 (46%) | 19 (13%) | < 0.001 |
| Intubation, n (%) in patients with GCS ≤ 8 | 24 (89%) | 35 (90%) | 2 (100%) | 0.883 |
Tests performed were Pearson’s chi-squared tests, except for treatment free interval, total pre-hospital time and crystalloid fluids Kruskal-Wallis tests and for pre-hospital SBP ANOVA
TBI traumatic brain injury