Table I.
Results of DID additive modeling including subgroup analyses
| Subgroup factor | Subgroup label | AEX rate by calendar quarter |
Relative change∗ (%) | DID (95% CI) | P value for DID | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Q1 2019 | Q2 2019 | Q1 2020 | Q2 2020 | |||||
| None | All patients (n = 1,178) | 1.1611 | 1.0755 | 1.2349 | 0.6750 | –41 | –0.4743 (–0.7638 to –0.1847) | .0013 |
| Race | H/L (n = 588) | 1.1947 | 1.2306 | 1.2557 | 0.6505 | –50 | –0.6410 (–1.0456 to –0.2364) | .0019 |
| AA/B (n = 590) | 1.1351 | 0.9600 | 1.2099 | 0.7512 | –27 | –0.2836 (–0.7502 to 0.1830) | .2336 | |
| Hypertension | Hypertensive (n = 481) | 1.1168 | 1.0503 | 1.2506 | 0.7967 | –32 | –0.3874 (–0.8633 to 0.0886) | .1107 |
| Nonhypertensive (n = 685) | 1.2041 | 1.0994 | 1.2389 | 0.5927 | –48 | –0.5415 (–0.9126 to –0.1704) | .0042 | |
| Employment | Works outside home (n = 529) | 1.0939 | 1.0590 | 1.1551 | 0.3898 | –65 | –0.7304 (–1.1233 to –0.3375) | .0003 |
| Does not work outside home (n = 639) | 1.2262 | 1.0952 | 1.2947 | 0.8940 | –23 | –0.2698 (–0.6859 to 0.1464) | .2039 | |
| Region | Southeast (n = 364) | 0.9714 | 0.9242 | 1.4318 | 0.7452 | –45 | –0.6394 (–1.1579 to –0.1209) | .0156 |
| Puerto Rico (n = 101) | 1.5655 | 1.7900 | 1.3458 | 0.2738 | –82 | –1.2965 (–2.3127 to –0.2803) | .0124 | |
| Northeast (n = 473) | 1.3232 | 1.1992 | 1.2943 | 0.9192 | –22 | –0.2511 (–0.7669 to 0.2647) | .3400 | |
| Southwest (n = 70) | 0.8973 | 0.8782 | 0.9751 | 0.4559 | –52 | –0.5001 (–1.6743 to 0.6740) | .4038 | |
| Ohio Central Valley (n = 170) | 0.9507 | 0.6358 | 0.8496 | 0.3345 | –41 | –0.2001 (–0.8541 to 0.4539) | .5487 | |
| Obesity | Yes: BMI ≥ 30 (n = 806) | 1.1553 | 1.1565 | 1.2504 | 0.7884 | –37 | –0.4633 (–0.8069 to –0.1197) | .0082 |
| No: BMI < 30 (n = 371) | 1.1772 | 0.8903 | 1.2038 | 0.3875 | –57 | –0.5294 (–1.0425 to –0.0164) | .0431 | |
| FeNO | FeNO low: 0-25 (n = 618) | 1.1232 | 1.0323 | 1.2771 | 0.6481 | –45 | –0.5381 (–0.9433 to –0.1329) | .0092 |
| FeNO medium: 25-50 (n = 238) | 1.1919 | 1.1210 | 1.0364 | 0.5048 | –48 | –0.4605 (–1.0717 to 0.1506) | .1397 | |
| FeNO high: >50 (n = 131) | 1.2283 | 0.9454 | 1.2220 | 0.9758 | +4 | 0.0367 (–0.7530 to 0.8263) | .9275 | |
| EOS by median | Eosinophil <192 (n = 488) | 0.9495 | 1.0271 | 1.2502 | 0.6597 | –51 | –0.6682 (–1.1265 to –0.2099) | .0043 |
| Eosinophil ≥192 (n = 505) | 1.3014 | 1.1443 | 1.2166 | 0.7118 | –34 | –0.3477 (–0.7655 to 0.0700) | .1028 | |
BMI, body mass index; EOS, eosinophil.
∗
Relative change calculated as 1 minus the calculated ratio-of-ratios.