Table 1.

Demographic and oral health profile of adolescents in Ile-Ife, Nigeria, and their association with risk of mental health problems [N = 1234]

Variables	Low risk N = 974 (78.9%) n (%)	High risk N = 260 (21.1%) n (%)	p value	Total N = 1234 n (%)
Age in years
Mean (SD)	14.43 (2.63)	15.31 (2.61)	< 0.001*	14.6 (2.7)
Sex at birth
Male	565 (80.9)	133 (19.1)	0.048*	698 (56.6)
Female	409 (76.3)	127 (23.7)		536 (43.4)
Socio-economic status
High	354 (82.9)	73 (17.1)	0.04*	427 (34.6)
Middle	322 (76.3)	100 (23.7)		422 (34.2)
Low	298 (77.4)	87 (22.6)		385 (31.2)
Frequent consumption of refined carbohydrates in between meals
Yes	634 (83.9)	122 (16.1)	< 0.0001*	756 (62.4)
No	324 (71.1)	132 (28.9)		456 (37.6)
Visit to the dentist within the last 12 months
Yes	11 (78.6)	3 (21.4)	1.00	14 (1.1)
No	963 (78.9)	257 (21.1)		1220 (98.9)
Toothbrushing twice daily
Yes	73 (73.0)	27 (27.0)	0.13	100 (8.1)
No	901 (79.5)	233 (20.5)		1134 (91.9)
Regular use of fluoridated toothpaste
Yes	948 (84.3)	176 (15.7)	< 0.0001*	1124 (91.1)
No	26 (23.6)	84 (76.4)		110 (8.9)
Plaque index score
Mean (SD)	0.80 (0.57)	0.91 (0.54)	0.003*	0.82 (0.57)
Intake of alcohol
Yes	105 (70.9)	43 (29.1)	0.01*	148 (12.0)
No	869 (80.0)	217 (20.0)		1086 (88.0)
Use of psychoactive substances
Yes	56 (77.8)	16 (22.2)	0.81	72 (5.8)
No	918 (79.0)	244 (21.0)		1162 (94.2)
Cigarette smoking
Yes	11 (64.7)	6 (35.3)	0.15	17 (1.4)
No	963 (79.1)	254 (20.9)		1217 (98.6)
Dental anxiety
Normal	303 (83.2)	61 (16.8)	0.002*	364 (29.5)
Moderate	357 (81.1)	83 (18.9)		440 (35.7)
High	116 (73.9)	41 (26.1)		157 (12.7)
Severe	198 (72.5)	75 (27.5)		273 (22.1)

^*Statistically significant at p< 0.05