Table 2.
Association between caries experience and moderate to severe gingivitis and demographic and oral and mental health risk indicators in adolescents in Ile-Ife, Nigeria [N = 1234]
| Variables | Caries experience | Gingival condition | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Absent N = 1188 (96.3%) n (%) |
Present N = 46 (3.7%) n (%) |
p value | Healthy/mild gingivitis N = 1134 (91.9%) n (%) |
Moderate/severe gingivitis N = 100 (8.1%) n (%) |
p value | |
| Age: mean (SD) | 14.6 (2.6) | 15.6 (2.7) | 0.01* | 14.6 (2.7) | 14.7 (2.7) | 0.63 |
| Sex at birth | ||||||
| Male | 670 (96.0) | 28 (4.0) | 0.55 | 637 (91.3) | 61 (8.7) | 0.35 |
| Female | 518 (96.6) | 18 (3.4) | 497 (92.7) | 39 (7.3) | ||
| Socioeconomic status | ||||||
| High | 415 (97.2) | 12 (2.8) | 0.37 | 396 (92.7) | 31 (7.3) | 0.63 |
| Middle | 406 (96.2) | 16 (3.8) | 388 (91.9) | 34 (8.1) | ||
| Low | 367 (95.3) | 18 (4.7) | 350 (90.9) | 35 (9.1) | ||
| Frequent consumption of refined carbohydrates in-between-meals | ||||||
| Yes | 727 (96.2) | 29 (3.8) | 0.92 | 705 (93.3) | 51 (6.7) | 0.02* |
| No | 439 (96.3) | 17 (3.7) | 408 (89.5) | 48 (10.5) | ||
| Plaque Index score | ||||||
| Mean (SD) | 0.80 (0.54) | 0.82 (0.57) | 0.86 | 0.75 (0.51) | 1.60 (0.54) | < 0.001* |
| Intake of alcohol | ||||||
| Yes | 141 (95.3) | 7 (4.7) | 0.49 | 131 (88.5) | 17 (11.5) | 0.11 |
| No | 1047 (96.4) | 39 (3.6) | 1003 (92.4) | 83 (7.6) | ||
| Use of psychoactive substances | ||||||
| Yes | 64 (88.9) | 8 (11.1) | 0.001* | 64 (88.9) | 8 (11.1) | 0.34 |
| No | 1124 (96.7) | 38 (3.3) | 1070 (92.1) | 92 (7.9) | ||
| Cigarette smoking | ||||||
| Yes | 16 (94.1) | 1 (5.9) | 0.48 | 15 (88.2) | 2 (11.8) | 0.64 |
| No | 1172 (96.3) | 45 (3.7) | 1119 (91.9) | 98 (8.1) | ||
| Risk for mental health problems | ||||||
| Low | 944 (96.9) | 30 (3.1) | 0.02* | 896 (92.0) | 78 (8.0) | 0.81 |
| High | 244 (93.8) | 16 (6.2) | 238 (91.5) | 22 (8.5) | ||
| Dental anxiety | ||||||
| Normal | 346 (95.1) | 18 (4.9) | 0.37 | 322 (88.5) | 42 (11.5) | 0.01* |
| Moderate | 423 (96.1) | 17 (3.9) | 404 (91.8) | 36 (8.2) | ||
| High | 153 (97.5) | 4 (2.5) | 148 (94.3) | 9 (5.7) | ||
| Severe | 266 (97.4) | 7 (2.6) | 260 (95.2) | 13 (4.8) | ||
*Statistically significant at p< 0.05