Table 1.
Sample characteristics and descriptive statistics for the survey questionnaires
| A&E | Ambulance | Police | General population | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | n (%) or mean (s.d.) | n | n (%) or mean (s.d.) | n | n (%) or mean (s.d.) | n | n (%) or mean (s.d.) | |
| Demographics | ||||||||
| Age | 361 | 40.96 (11.35) | 378 | 35.54 (11.51) | 633 | 39.88 (9.85) | 465 | 35.92 (12.66) |
| Gender | 361 | 378 | 633 | 465 | ||||
| Male | 73 (20.20) | 179 (47.40) | 332 (52.40) | 81 (17.40) | ||||
| Female | 284 (79.70) | 195 (52.60) | 294 (46.40) | 376 (80.90) | ||||
| Other | 2 (0.60) | 1 (0.30) | 2 (0.30) | 6 (1.30) | ||||
| Prefer not to say | 2 (0.60) | 3 (0.80) | 5 (0.80) | 2 (0.40) | ||||
| Ethnicity | 361 | 378 | 633 | 465 | ||||
| White British | 275 (76.20) | 338 (89.40) | 587 (92.70) | 305 (65.60) | ||||
| White other | 35 (9.70) | 32 (8.50) | 26 (4.10) | 82 (17.60) | ||||
| Asian/Asian British | 32 (8.90) | 0 (0) | 2 (0.30) | 32 (6.90) | ||||
| Black/African/Caribbean/Black British | 10 (2.80) | 0 (0) | 1 (0.20) | 12 (2.60) | ||||
| Mixed ethnicity | 1 (0.30) | 4 (1.10) | 7 (1.10) | 18 (3.90) | ||||
| Other | 5 (1.40) | 1 (0.30) | 3 (0.50) | 12 (2.60) | ||||
| Prefer not to say | 2 (0.80) | 3 (0.80) | 7 (1.10) | 4 (0.90) | ||||
| Education | 361 | 378 | 633 | 465 | ||||
| No formal education | 2 (0.60) | 3 (0.80) | 8 (1.30) | 9 (1.90) | ||||
| Secondary school | 33 (9.10) | 36 (9.50) | 132 (20.90) | 48 (10.30) | ||||
| College | 44 (12.20) | 103 (27.20) | 257 (40.60) | 134 (28.80) | ||||
| Undergraduate | 182 (50.40) | 190 (50.30) | 191 (30.20) | 153 (32.90) | ||||
| Postgraduate | 97 (26.90) | 42 (11.10) | 38 (6.00) | 120 (25.80) | ||||
| Prefer not to say | 3 (0.80) | 4 (1.10) | 7 (1.10) | 1 (0.20) | ||||
| Stigma | ||||||||
| SDS | 361 | 2.92 (0.55) | 378 | 3.01 (0.54) | 633 | 3.02 (0.54) | 465 | 3.19 (0.58) |
| CAMI | 361 | 115.17 (14.95) | 378 | 114.51 (13.77) | 633 | 114.34 (13.21) | 465 | 118.69 (14.01) |
| Implicit attitudes | 40 | 0.42 (0.45) | 65 | 0.32 (0.43) | 68 | 0.30 (0.46) | 75 | 0.25 (044) |
| Predictors | ||||||||
| Attribution Questionnaire | ||||||||
| Sympathy | 361 | 6.51 (1.58) | 378 | 5.98 (1.32) | 633 | 6.25 (1.42) | 465 | 6.61 (1.46) |
| Fear | 361 | 2.43 (1.24) | 378 | 2.35 (0.95) | 633 | 2.20 (0.99) | 465 | 2.04 (1.03) |
| RIBS | ||||||||
| Current behaviour | 356 | 2.38 (1.16) | 374 | 2.43 (1.23) | 632 | 2.66 (1.03) | 462 | 2.53 (1.13) |
| Intended behaviour | 360 | 4.17 (0.78) | 374 | 4.20 (0.66) | 632 | 4.33 (0.67) | 465 | 4.45 (0.69) |
| Experience and exposure | ||||||||
| Personal experience | 361 | 2.89 (2.12) | 378 | 3.75 (2.01) | 633 | 4.35 (2.25) | 465 | 4.56 (2.31) |
| Personal exposure | 361 | 4.32 (2.12) | 378 | 4.53 (1.89) | 633 | 5.06 (1.89) | 465 | 5.34 (1.85) |
| Professional contact | 361 | 5.60 (1.71) | 378 | 6.30 (1.18) | 633 | 6.14 (1.43) | 465 | 4.35 (2.25) |
| Professional training | 361 | 3.53 (1.88) | 378 | 3.99 (1.57) | 633 | 3.74 (1.79) | 465 | 2.86 (2.22) |
| Confidence | 361 | 4.27 (1.63) | 378 | 4.33 (1.31) | 633 | 4.88 (1.43) | 465 | 4.40 (1.84) |
A&E, accident and emergency; SDS, Social Distance Scale; CAMI, The UK Department of Health Community Attitudes to Mental Illness questionnaire; RIBS, Reported and Intended Behaviour Scale.