Table 2.
The Association of Maternal-reported Internalizing Symptoms With the Timing of Subsequent Development of Pubertal Characteristics in All Girls Recruited Before Pubertal Onset, the Lessons in Epidemiology and Genetics of Adult Cancer From Youth Girls Study (n = 1,040), 2011–2016
| Symptom in Girls | Breast Development a | Pubic Hair Development b | Menarche c | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR d | 95% CI | P Value | HR d | 95% CI | P Value | HR d | 95% CI | P Value | |
| Anxietye | 1.22 | 1.09, 1.36 | <0.001 | 1.15 | 1.01, 1.30 | 0.04 | 0.94 | 0.83, 1.07 | 0.35 |
| Depressione | 1.05 | 0.92, 1.19 | 0.49 | 1.09 | 0.96, 1.24 | 0.16 | 1.02 | 0.91, 1.15 | 0.73 |
| Somatizatione | 1.13 | 1.01, 1.27 | 0.04 | 1.06 | 0.93, 1.21 | 0.38 | 1.02 | 0.91, 1.15 | 0.70 |
| Internalizinge | 1.17 | 1.04, 1.32 | 0.01 | 1.12 | 0.98, 1.28 | 0.10 | 0.99 | 0.88, 1.12 | 0.90 |
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; HR, hazard ratio.
a n = 447; no. of events = 320; cumulative days of follow-up = 293,741.
b n = 456; no. of events = 271; cumulative days of follow-up = 343,183.
c n = 681; no. of events = 294; cumulative days of follow-up = 601,318.
d HR is for a 1–standard deviation change in the psychosocial factor adjusted for age at assessment, race/ethnicity, study center, maternal education, body mass index percentile, breast cancer family history.
e Anxiety, depression, and somatization data from the parent-reported internalizing subscales of the Behavior Assessment System for Children-2 (percentiles). Internalizing is a composite of the other scales.