Table 1: Selected Clinical Trials Targeting Inflammatory Modulation in Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease.
| Target/Pathway | Agent | Study | n | Results | Patient Group |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Oxidised LDL | Succinobucol | ARISE[79] | 6,144 | No effect | Post ACS |
| sPLA2 | Varespladib | VISTA-16[80] | 5,145 | No effect | Post ACS |
| LpPLA2 | Darapladib | STABILITY[81] | 15,828 | No effect | Stable CAD |
| LpPLA2 | Darapladib | SOLID-TIMI 52[82] | 13,026 | No effect | Post ACS |
| P-selectin | Inclacumab | SELECT-ACS[83] | 544 | No effect | ACS/PCI |
| IL-1 receptor | Anakinra | VCU-ART2[84] | 30 | No effect | ACS |
| P38 MAP kinase | Losmapimod | LATITUDE-TIMI 60[85] | 3,503 | No effect | ACS |
| Neutrophil chemotaxis/NLRP3 inflammasome | Colchicine | LoDoCo[71] | 532 | Positive Stable | CAD |
| IL-1β | Canakinumab | CANTOS[57] | 10,061 | Positive | Stable CAD |
| Tumour necrosis factor/IL-6 | Etanercept versus tocilizumab | ENTRACTE[87] | 3,080 | No differences | Rheumatoid arthritis |
| Neutrophil chemotaxis/NLRP3 inflammasome | Colchicine | COLCOT[72] | 4,500 | Positive | Post ACS |
| IL-6, TNF | Methotrexate | CIRT[64] | 4,786 | No effect | CAD + diabetes/MS |
| Neutrophil chemotaxis/NLRP3 inflammasome | Colchicine | LoDoCo2[69] | 5,522 | Positive | Stable CAD |
ACS = acute coronary syndrome; CAD = coronary artery disease; IL = interleukin; LDL = low-density lipoprotein; LpPLA2 = lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2; MAPK = mitogen-activated protein kinase; MS = metabolic syndrome; NLRP3 = nucleotide-binding oligomerisation domain, leucine-rich repeat and pyrin domain containing protein 3; PCI = percutaneous coronary intervention; sPLA2 = secretory phospholipase A2 TNF = tumour necrosis factor.