Table 1.
Sample Characteristics
| |
SRC (n = 57) |
Controls (n = 26) |
|
|---|---|---|---|
| M (SD) or n (%) | P | ||
| Age (years) | 18.00 (1.44) | 18.54 (2.12) | 0.247 |
| College (vs. high school) | 50 (87.7%) | 22 (84.6%) | 0.699 |
| WTAR standard score | 97.58 (14.88) | 97.77 (11.41) | 0.954 |
| ADHD | 6 (10.5%) | 3 (11.5%) | 0.891 |
| Learning disability | 2 (3.5%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0.334 |
| Sleep disorder | 1 (1.8%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0.493 |
| Prior history of concussion | 0.027 | ||
| 0 | 28 (49.1%) | 21 (80.8%) | |
| 1 | 18 (31.6%) | 2 (7.7%) | |
| 2 | 8 (14.0%) | 1 (3.8%) | |
| 3+ | 3 (5.3%) | 2 (7.7%) | |
| BL hours of sleep (past month) | 7.40 (1.12) | 7.47 (1.08) | 0.832 |
| Rx medication for symptoms | 3 (5.3%) | ||
| OTC medication for symptoms | 30 (52.6%) | ||
| Alcohol use | |||
| Since injury | 14 (24.6%) | ||
| BL, past month | 14 (24.6%) | 9 (34.6%) | 0.343 |
| Illicit drug use | |||
| Since injury | 3 (5.3%) | ||
| BL, past month | 2 (3.5%) | 2 (7.7%) | 0.385 |
| BL SCAT symptom severity | 2.54 (4.71) | 1.24 (2.26) | 0.192 |
| BL BSI-18 GSI | 43.86 (7.55) | 41.54 (5.76) | 0.168 |
| BL PSQI total | 3.90 (2.05) | 3.52 (1.50) | 0.501 |
| BL PSQI sleep efficiency | 87.47 (12.68) | 90.81 (13.81) | 0.434 |
| Fitbit wear time (h/day) | 15.76 (4.48) | 15.51 (5.49) | 0.833 |
Sample size with baseline PSQI data was 41 (SRC group) and 17 (control group).
ADHD, attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder; BL, pre-season baseline; BSI-18 GSI, 18-item Brief Symptom Inventory Global Severity Index T score; M, mean; OTC, over the counter; PSQI, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index; Rx, prescription; SCAT, Sport Concussion Assessment Tool version 2/3/5; SD, standard deviation; SRC, sport-related concussion; WTAR, Wechsler Test of Adult Reading.