Table 2. Physical performance parameters of children.
|
Pre Mean (SD) |
Post Mean (SD) |
Mean Difference (95% CI) |
Cohen’sd [95% CI] |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jump height (cm) | IG | 13.2 (4.1) | 16.6 (3.0) | 3.47 | [2.03; 4.79] | 0.97 | [0.49; 1.45] |
| PG | 14.6 (4.5) | 16.6 (3.1) | 2.02 | [0.50; 3.77] | 0.53 | [0.10; 0.96] | |
| CON | 14.3 (4.3) | 15.5 (3.5) | 1.19 | [−2.49; 2.83] | 0.23 | [−0.42; 0.72] | |
| Maximum Jump Power (W/kg) | IG | 23.4 (3.9) | 29.4 (4.7) | 5.96 | [3.65; 8.56] | 1.38 | [0.57; 2.04] |
| PG | 27.5 (5.4) | 30.2 (4.2) | 2.73 | [1.10; 4.57] | 0.57 | [0.18; 0.98] | |
| CON | 25.9 (4.8) | 30.2 (3.9) | 4.29 | [3.05; 6.01] | 0.98 | [0.61; 1.46] | |
| Handgrip strength (N) | IG | 76.9 (16.0) | 95.5 (19.2) | 18.20 | [13.60; 24.10] | 1.03 | [0.76; 1.28] |
| PG | 83.3 (21.9) | 88.2 (21.9) | 4.44 | [−0.80; 10.40] | 0.20 | [−0.06; 0.46] | |
| CON | 80.7 (17.6) | 78.7 (23.3) | −2.46 | [−8.99; 1.95] | −0.12 | [−0.42; 0.11] | |
| Rate of force development (N/s) | IG | 25.6 (14.8) | 36.9 (10.1) | 10.90 | [3.76; 16.50] | 0.86 | [0.09; 1.46] |
| PG | 34.7 (16.2) | 38.1 (17.7) | 2.91 | [−0.62; 6.43] | 0.17 | [−0.05; 0.39] | |
| CON | 28.1 (14.8) | 24.6 (14.8) | −4.06 | [−9.30; 0.56] | −0.27 | [−0.57; 0.11] | |
| Locomotor skills | IG | 32.6 (11.0) | 40.9 (9.2) | 8.30 | [4.80; 11.20] | 0.82 | [0.42; 1.29] |
| PG | 34.5 (7.0) | 36.3 (6.1) | 1.85 | [−1.08; 4.69] | 0.28 | [−0.18; 0.77] | |
| CON | 29.6 (10.1) | 32.0 (7.6) | 2.45 | [−1.43; 6.55] | 0.27 | [−0.18; 0.76] | |
| Object control skills | IG | 15.2 (5.9) | 21.1 (5.9) | 5.90 | [3.70; 8.25] | 1.00 | [0.49; 1.60] |
| PG | 15.0 (7.3) | 19.2 (6.8) | 4.19 | [1.88; 6.42] | 0.60 | [0.26; 0.98] | |
| CON | 18.2 (6.6) | 19.6 (6.5) | 1.41 | [−1.68; 4.09] | 0.22 | [−0.27; 0.70] | |
| TGMD-2 total score | IG | 47.8 (14.1) | 62.0 (14.2) | 13.90 | [9.71; 17.40] | 1.00 | [0.57; 1.55] |
| PG | 49.5 (12.0) | 55.5 (10.9) | 6.04 | [1.65; 10.20] | 0.53 | [0.12; 0.94] | |
| CON | 47.8 (14.4) | 51.7 (12.7) | 3.86 | [−0.55; 9.32] | 0.32 | [−0.06; 0.69] | |
Notes.
Data are reported as mean with standard deviation (SD). Mean differences calculated for each group with corresponding effect sizes and 95% confidence intervals [95% CI].
TGMD-2, Test of Gross Motor Skills 2.