Table 3.
Bivariate Analyses Regarding Motives/Potential Motives for and Barriers to Using Opioids or Marijuana
| Opioids | Marijuana | P | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Potential motives to use [med] in all participants (N, %) a | |||
| For pain related to your medical condition | 42 (13.8) | 149 (49.0) | < .001 |
| For another type of pain not caused by these conditions | 217 (71.4) | 199 (65.5) | .116 |
| For nausea/upset stomach | 17 (5.6) | 23 (7.6) | .326 |
| To improve appetite | 118 (38.8) | 135 (44.4) | .162 |
| For depression/to improve mood | 25 (8.2) | 28 (9.2) | .666 |
| To help cope with illness | 22 (7.2) | 34 (11.2) | .092 |
| To help deal with stress/anxiety | 18 (5.9) | 25 (8.2) | .224 |
| To sleep | 7 (2.3) | 16 (5.3) | .056 |
| For recreational use/enjoyment | 4 (1.3) | 8 (2.6) | .244 |
| To treat medical condition | 11 (3.6) | 14 (4.6) | .540 |
| None of these conditions | 15 (4.9) | 14 (4.6) | .849 |
| Motives for use (in past 12-month users) (N, %) a | N=49 | N=57 | |
| For pain related to your medical condition | 11 (22.4) | 18 (31.6) | .293 |
| For another type of pain not caused by these conditions | 10 (20.4) | 15 (26.3) | .475 |
| For nausea/upset stomach | 15 (30.6) | 22 (38.6) | .390 |
| To improve appetite | 26 (53.1) | 22 (38.6) | .136 |
| For depression/to improve mood | 12 (24.5) | 15 (26.3) | .830 |
| To help cope with illness | 15 (30.6) | 19 (33.3) | .765 |
| To help deal with stress/anxiety | 14 (28.6) | 20 (35.1) | .474 |
| To sleep | 10 (20.4) | 10 (17.5) | .707 |
| For recreational use/enjoyment | 2 (4.1) | 7 (12.3) | .131 |
| To treat medical condition | 7 (14.3) | 8 (14.0) | .971 |
| None of the conditions above | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Barriers (M, SD) b | |||
| Drowsiness | 3.55 (0.95) | 2.40 (1.63) | < .001 |
| Symptoms signal worsening disease | 3.92 (1.45) | 2.59 (1.44) | < .001 |
| Confusion | 3.01 (1.16) | 2.54 (1.48) | < .001 |
| Do/would not like | 2.68 (1.06) | 2.46 (1.56) | < .001 |
| Cannot control my symptoms/pain | 3.25 (1.13) | 2.66 (1.55) | .042 |
| Concern of addiction | 3.60 (1.00) | 2.45 (1.49) | < .001 |
| Nausea | 3.66 (1.19) | 2.37 (1.47) | < .001 |
| Important to be strong by not talking about symptoms | 2.85 (0.99) | 2.51 (1.51) | .001 |
| Doctors should focus on cure, not symptoms | 3.19 (1.50) | 2.49 (1.59) | < .001 |
| Could cause embarrassing behavior | 3.26 (0.95) | 2.37 (1.56) | < .001 |
| Concern about habituating to medication | 3.53 (1.07) | 2.52 (1.50) | < .001 |
| Constipation | 3.40 (1.43) | 2.53 (1.54) | < .001 |
| Medication side effects | 2.98 (0.96) | 2.34 (1.43) | < .001 |
Note.
a
Number of participants endorsing each item.
b
On a scale of 0 = Do not agree at all to 5 = Agree very much.