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. 2021 Apr 29;5(4):e27164. doi: 10.2196/27164

Table 3.

Likelihood descriptive statistics and repeated measures ANOVA results.

Likelihooda Response, mean (SD)b Repeated measures ANOVAc, F value P value Post hoc tests, mean difference P value Partial eta2 for F




Pre to post Pre to follow-up Post to follow-up Pre to post Pre to follow-up Post to follow-up
Start a conversation about substance use with someone you are concerned about? 4.55 .01 0.27 0.33 0.06 .05 .06 >.99 0.10

Pre 3.73 (0.97)









Post 4.00 (0.71)









Follow-up 4.06 (0.64)








Problem solve with someone to help them address their substance use? 1.03 .36 N/Ad N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 0.02

Pre 4.12 (0.65)









Post 4.15 (0.57)









Follow-up 4.25 (0.59)








Composite likelihood 3.15 .047 0.15 0.23 0.08 .25 .14 .97 0.06

Pre 3.92 (0.73)









Post 4.07 (0.55)









Follow-up 4.15 (0.54)








aEach item begins with “How likely are you to...”

bn=52 for all time points. All likelihood items are the same across all survey time points.

cANOVA: analysis of variance.

dN/A: not applicable.