Table 2.
Comparison of ED data collected on all living and dead sepsis patients
| Died | Alive at discharge | Difference (95% CI) | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| N (%) | 112 (30%) | 266 (70%) | — | |
| Patient characteristics | ||||
| Age, y (IQR) | 60 (49–70) | 57 (45–66) | 7 (6–7) | 0.02 |
| Male sex (%) | 57 (51) | 148 (56) | 5% | NS |
| AMS (%) | 85 (58) | 151 (57) | 1% | NS |
| Direct to resuscitation room (%) | 92 (82) | 202 (76) | 6% | NS |
| SIRS criteria | ||||
| Temperature (IQR) | 36.2 (5.6–37.0) | 36.6 (36.1–37.9) | 0.4 | <0.01 |
| Heart rate (IQR) | 109 (89–129) | 112(92–126) | 3 | NS |
| Respiratory rate (IQR) | 24 (20–28) | 23 (18–29) | 1 | NS |
| WBC (IQR) | 15.2 (7.9–21.7) | 13.3 (8.9–19.0) | 1.9 | NS |
| Illness severity | ||||
| Lactates (IQR) | 5.6 (3.1–8.3) | 4.0 (2.3–5.9) | 0.8 | <0.01 |
| Lactates >4.0 (%) | 72 (64) | 127 (48) | 16% | <0.01 |
| SIRS criteria (IQR) | 3 (2.0–3.0) | 3 (2.0–3.0) | 0.2 | 0.02 |
| Patients in shock (%) | 93 (83) | 195 (74) | 9% | 0.048 |
| APACHE II score (IQR) | 17 (14–21.5) | 14 (10–19) | 3 | <0.01 |
| SOFA score (IQR) | 6 (5–9) | 4 (2.5–7) | 0 | <0.01 |
| EMS variables | ||||
| Transported by EMS | 112 (77) | 266 (78) | 1% | NS |
| Total fluid given by EMS (EMS cases only, cm3) | 197 ± 376 | 175 ± 327 | 22 | NS |
| Received >1 L fluid by EMS | 8 (7) | 11 (4) | 3% | NS |
| Outcomes | ||||
| Time to antibiotics, median minutes (IQR) | 94 (41–162) | 92 (44.5–108) | 2 | NS |
| Time to central line, median minutes (IQR) | 204 (102–371) | 223 (102–412) | 19 | NS |
AMS, altered mental status; APACHE II, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II; ED, emergency department; EMS, emergency medical services; IQR, interquartile range; NS, not significant; SIRS, Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome; SOFA, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment; WBC, white blood cell count.