Table 2. Epidemiology of CRBSI in oncohematological patients during the evaluated period.
| Overall n = 482 (%) | 1994–1998 n = 176 (%) | 1999–2003 n = 72 (%) | 2004–2008 n = 91 (%) | 2009–2013 n = 92 (%) | 2014–2018 n = 51 (%) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gram-positive (GPC) | 357 (74.1) | 153 (86.9) | 58 (80.5) | 62 (68.1) | 51 (54.8) | 33 (64.7) | <0.001 |
| S. aureus | 17 (4.8*) | 5 (3.3*) | 3 (5.2*) | 5 (8.1*) | 3 (5.9*) | 1 (3.0*) | 0.499 |
| MRSA | 4 (23.5†) | 2 (40.0†) | 0 (0.0†) | 1 (20.0†) | 1 (33.0†) | 0 (0.0†) | - |
| CoNS | 322 (90.2*) | 144 (94.1*) | 55 (94.8*) | 52 (83.9*) | 45 (88.2*) | 26 (78.8*) | 0.012 |
| Enterococcus spp. | 16 (4.5*) | 3 (2.0*) | 0 (0.0*) | 4 (6.5*) | 3 (5.9*) | 6 (18.2*) | <0.001 |
| E.faecalis | 8 (50†) | 2 (66.6†) | 0 (0.0†) | 3 (75.0†) | 2 (66.6†) | 1 (16.7†) | - |
| E.faecium | 8 (50†) | 1 (33.3†) | 0 (0.0†) | 1 (25.0†) | 1 (33.3†) | 5 (83.3†) | - |
| Streptococcus spp. | 2 (0.6*) | 1 (0.7) | 0 (0.0*) | 1 (1.6) | 0 (0.0*) | 0 (0.0*) | - |
| Gram-negative (GNB) | 110 (22.8) | 21 (11.9) | 12 (16.7) | 25 (27.5) | 37 (40.2) | 15 (29.4) | <0.001 |
| E. coli | 29 (26.4**) | 6 (28.6**) | 3 (25.0**) | 7 (28.0**) | 8 (21.6**) | 5 (33.3**) | 0.944 |
| ESBL | 8 (27.6†) | 0 (0.0†) | 0 (0.0†) | 3 (42.9†) | 4 (50.0†) | 1 (20.0†) | 0.124 |
| P. aeruginosa | 36 (32.7**) | 5 (23.8**) | 2 (16.7**) | 8 (32.0**) | 15 (40.5**) | 6 (40.0**) | 0.099 |
| MDR (including XDR isolates) | 13 (36.1†) | 0 (0.0†) | 0 (0.0†) | 5 (62.5†) | 6 (40.0†) | 2 (33.3†) | 0.282 |
| XDR | 12 (33.3†) | 0 (0.0†) | 0 (0.0†) | 4 (50.0†) | 6 (40.0†) | 2 (33.3†) | 0.215 |
| K. pneumoniae | 9 (8.2**) | 1 (4.8**) | 0 (0.0**) | 3 (12.0**) | 4 (10.8**) | 1 (6.7**) | 0.441 |
| ESBL | 3 (33.3†) | 0 (0.0†) | 0 (0.0†) | 0 (0.0†) | 3 (75.0†) | 0 (0.0†) | - |
| S. maltophilia | 14 (12.7**) | 2 (9.5**) | 4 (33.3**) | 2 (8.0**) | 5 (13.5**) | 1 (6.7**) | 0.567 |
| Acinetobacter spp. | 4 (3.6**) | 2 (9.5**) | 1 (8.3**) | 0 (0.0**) | 1 (2.7**) | 0 (0.0**) | 0.086 |
| Enterobacter spp. | 3 (2.7**) | 0 (0.0**) | 0 (0.0**) | 1 (4.0**) | 0 (0.0**) | 2 (13.3**) | - |
| MDR-GNB | 40 (36.3) | 2 (9.5) | 4 (33.3) | 10 (40.0) | 18 (48.6) | 6 (40.0) | 0.039 |
| Candida spp. | 15 (3.1) | 2 (1.1) | 2 (2.8) | 4 (4.4) | 4 (4.3) | 3 (5.9) | 0.039 |
| Non-albicans Candida | 10 (66.7) | 1 (50.0) | 2 (100.0) | 3 (75.0) | 2 (50.0) | 2 (66.7) | 0.182 |
*Percentage within the GPC
**Percentage within GNB
†Percentage among their species, CoNS–coagulase-negative staphylococci, ESBL–Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase, MRSA–methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, MDR–multidrug-resistant, XDR–extensively drug-resistan.