Table 3. Expression of serum host protein markers amongst study participants with TBM and stroke/no stroke at admission, and their accuracies in indicating stroke in TBM patients.
The mean values shown (95% confidence intervals in brackets) are the least square (LS) means. Markers showing significant difference (p-value<0.05) or showing trends (0.05<p-value≤0.09) between the TBM patients with stroke and no stroke are shown. The expressions of all other host markers are shown in S3 Table. #reported in ng/ml, all other markers are reported in pg/ml.
| Marker | TBM-stroke | TBM-no stroke | Not-TBM | P valuea | S. by BHb | AUC (95% CI) | Cut-off value | Sensitivity % (95% CI) | Specificity % (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| #D-dimer | 4.1 (3.4–4.8) | 2.1 (1.2–2.9) | 3.6 (3.1–4.1) | 0.0187 | No | 0.83 (0.64–1.00) | >3.41004808 | 100.0 (78.5–100.0) | 66.7 (35.4–87.9) |
| IL-13 | 0.6 (-0.1–1.3) | 2.0 (1.1–2.9) | 1.3 (0.7–1.9) | 0.0194 | No | 0.73 (0.52–0.94) | <1.08834942 | 77.8 (52.4–92.4) | 78.6 (45.3–96.1) |
| #ADAMTS13 | 3.0 (2.7–3.3) | 2.1 (1.7–2.5) | 2.7 (2.5–2.9) | 0.0314 | No | 0.82 (0.63–1.00) | >2.90958695 | 85.7 (60.1–97.5) | 66.7 (35.4–87.9) |
| CCL2 | 2.5 (2.3–2.7) | 2.2 (2.0–2.4) | 2.8 (2.6–2.9) | 0.0322 | No | 0.82 (0.63–1.00) | >2.31141131 | 92.9 (68.5–99.6) | 66.7 (35.4–87.9) |
| #SAA | 4.9 (3.9–5.8) | 2.1 (0.9–3.3) | 3.9 (3.2–4.7) | 0.0325 | No | 0.75 (0.50–1.00) | >3.35686412 | 100.0 (78.5–100.0) | 66.7 (35.4–87.9) |
| Ferritin | 4.9 (3.9–5.8) | 2.2 (1.0–3.4) | 4.1 (3.3–4.8) | 0.0327 | No | 0.77 (0.53–1.00) | >4.22099783 | 92.9 (68.5–99.6) | 66.7 (35.4–87.9) |
| #GDF-15 | 0.4 (0.2–0.6) | 0.1 (-0.1–0.3) | 0.4 (0.3–0.6) | 0.0364 | No | 0.90 (0.78–1.00) | >0.296526673 | 78.6 (52.4–92.4) | 88.9 (56.5–99.4) |
| IL-4 | 1.8 (1.5–2.1) | 1.0 (0.6–1.4) | 2.1 (1.9–2.3) | 0.0673 | No | 0.81 (0.58–1.00) | >1.54370877 | 92.9 (68.5–99.6) | 77.8 (45.3–96.1) |
| IL-7 | 1.7 (1.5–1.8) | 1.4 (1.1–1.6) | 1.4 (1.2–1.5) | 0.0549 | No | 0.79 (0.59–1.00) | >1.46745807 | 85.7 (60.1–97.5) | 66.7 (35.4–87.9) |
| CC5a | 3.4 (3.3–3.5) | 3.6 (3.4–3.7) | 3.4 (3.3–3.5) | 0.0624 | No | 0.74 (0.51–0.96) | <3.41441601 | 88.9 (56.5–99.4) | 71.4 (45.4–88.3) |
| #Lipocalin-2/NGAL | 2.7 (2.2–3.3) | 1.3 (0.6–2.0) | 2.2 (1.8–2.7) | 0.0629 | No | 0.74 (0.47–1.00) | >2.56272926 | 71.4 (45.4–88.3) | 77.8 (45.3–96.1) |
| #Myoglobin | 1.2 (0.8–1.5) | 0.7 (0.3–1.1) | 1.2 (1.0–1.5) | 0.0856 | No | 0.74 (0.47–1.00) | >0.791936469 | 100.0 (78.5–100.0) | 66.7 (35.4–87.9) |
| GNDF | 2.2 (1.8–2.6) | 1.1 (0.6–1.6) | 1.8 (1.5–2.1) | 0.0518 | No | 0.72 (0.46–0.97) | >1.77128625 | 100.0 (78.5–100.0) | 55.6 (26.7–81.1) |
| #sP-selectin | 2.4 (1.9–2.9) | 1.2 (0.5–1.8) | 1.8 (1.4–2.2) | 0.0704 | No | 0.69 (0.41–0.96) | >1.00656614 | 100.0 (78.5–100.0) | 55.6 (26.7–81.1) |
| MMP-9 | 5.4 (4.4–6.5) | 2.6 (1.2–3.9) | 4.4 (3.6–5.2) | 0.0560 | No | 0.68 (0.39–0.98) | >5.13711673 | 85.7 (60.1–97.5) | 66.7 (35.4–87.9) |
ap-values shown are for post-hoc analysis between TBM with stroke compared to TBM without stroke.
bBenjamini-Hochberg procedure with false discovery rate (FDR) of 20%. Abbreviations: S. by BH: Significant by Benjamini-Hochberg.