Table 1.
Demographic, clinical and analytical data for controls and ESRD patients and for those who remained alive or were deceased during a 1-year follow-up period
| ESRD patients (n = 289) |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Parameters | Controls (n = 22) | ESRD patients (n = 289) | Alive (n = 261) | Deceased (n = 28) |
| Age (years) | 57 (52–60) | 71 (60–79)*** | 71 (59–79) | 77 (67–82)† |
| Gender (F/M) | 14/8 | 131/158 | 117/144 | 14/14 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 24.3 ± 3.4 | 25.8 ± 4.6 | 25.8 ± 4.5 | 25.0 ± 5.2 |
| Dialysis vintage (years) | – | 3.74 (1.65–7.36) | 3.68 (1.65–7.17) | 4.64 (1.51–8.78) |
| URR (%) | – | 79 (76–83) | 79 (76–83) | 79 (75–82) |
| eKt/V | – | 1.62 (1.44–1.81) | 1.62 (1.45–1.81) | 1.66 (1.42–1.79) |
| Ultrafiltration volume (L) | – | 2.3 (1.7–3.0) | 2.4 (1.8–3.0) | 2.1 (1.3–2.7)a,† |
| Calcium (mg/dL) | – | 9.14 (8.74–9.46) | 9.11 (8.70–9.41) | 9.43 (9.01–9.83)†† |
| Phosphorus (mg/dL) | – | 4.18 (3.35–5.00) | 4.18 (3.41–5.00) | 3.90 (3.15–5.17) |
| PTH (pg/mL) | – | 338 (203–502) | 340 (214–513) | 262 (140–479) |
| Albumin (g/dL) | – | 3.80 (3.60–4.10) | 3.80 (3.60–4.10) | 3.55 (3.30–3.88)††† |
| Urea (mg/dL) | 32 (27–36) | 116 (97–145)a,*** | 118 (98–147) | 105 (77–134)a,† |
| Creatinine (mg/dL) | 0.8 (0.7–0.9) | 7.9 (6.5–9.6)a,*** | 8.0 (6.6–9.7) | 7.6 (5.2–9.1) |
| Hb (g/dL) | 13.6 (13.1–15.4) | 11.4 (10.7–12.2)*** | 11.4 (10.7–12.1) | 11.5 (10.2–12.5) |
| Haematocrit (%) | 41 (39–45) | 35 (33–37)*** | 35 (33–37) | 36 (32–39) |
| RBC (x1012/L) | 4.54 (4.27–4.95) | 3.72 (3.45–4.01)*** | 3.71 (3.46–3.99) | 3.80 (3.41–4.07) |
| MCV (fL) | 91 (88–93) | 95 (92–98)*** | 95 (92–98) | 95 (91–98) |
| MCHC (g/dL) | 33.6 (33.2–33.9) | 32.5 (31.8–33.1)*** | 32.6 (31.8–33.2) | 32.2 (31.4–32.7)a,† |
| WBC (×109/L) | 5.30 (4.70–6.53) | 6.31 (5.29–7.62)a,* | 6.30 (5.25–7.60) | 6.80 (5.69–8.54) |
| Neutrophils (×109/L) | 2.95 (2.18–3.85) | 3.90 (3.25–5.00)*** | 3.90 (3.20–4.90) | 4.50 (3.62–5.88)a,† |
| Lymphocytes (×109/L) | 1.95 (1.78–2.53) | 1.50 (1.20–1.90)*** | 1.50 (1.20–1.90) | 1.40 (1.00–1.70) |
| Monocytes (×109/L) | 0.34 (0.30–0.45) | 0.41 (0.32–0.52) | 0.41 (0.32–0.52) | 0.46 (0.39–0.52) |
| Platelets (×109/L) | 289 (225–355) | 197 (161–233)*** | 197 (161–233) | 200 (149–243) |
| Iron (μg/dL) | 106 (91–133) | 55 (45–74)*** | 56 (46–75) | 50 (36–62) |
| Ferritin (ng/mL) | 69 (37–146) | 302 (178–454)*** | 302 (177–456) | 310 (187–448) |
| Hepcidin (ng/mL) | 17 (8–37) | 78 (41–132)*** | 79 (41–131) | 67 (29–135) |
| LPO (nmol/mL) | 9.68 (8.44–12.0) | 11.1 (9.44–13.2)** | 11.1 (9.68–13.2) | 10.7 (9.12–12.3) |
| TAS (μM) | 352 (272–417) | 505 (428–609)*** | 514 (434–619) | 451 (368–526)† |
| TAS/LPO | 33.5 (24.8–51.0) | 44.8 (36.5–57.0)** | 45.2 (37.2–57.0) | 42.0 (32.2–57.0) |
| tPA (ng/mL) | 5.0 (4.5–5.7) | 4.2 (3.0–6.1) | 4.1 (2.9–5.9) | 4.6 (3.7–7.0) |
| PAI-1 (ng/mL) | 26 (16–47) | 7.6 (4.7–11.6)*** | 7.6 (4.7–11.4) | 7.3 (4.8–12.2) |
| tPA/PAI-1 | 0.20 (0.14–0.32) | 0.56 (0.39–0.80)*** | 0.56 (0.38–0.79) | 0.68 (0.40–1.28) |
| D-dimer (ng/mL) | 153 (123–267) | 518 (364–930)*** | 506 (357–902) | 838 (472–1193)a,† |
| IL-6 (pg/mL) | 1.05 (0.68–1.54) | 4.10 (2.69–7.33)*** | 3.89 (2.62–6.84) | 7.56 (4.15–13.1)††† |
| hsCRP (mg/dL) | 0.10 (0.04–0.21) | 0.37 (0.16–0.81)*** | 0.35 (0.15–0.77) | 0.70 (0.31–1.37)†† |
| TNF-α (pg/mL) | 0.83 (0.71–1.09) | 3.38 (2.66–4.59)a,*** | 3.38 (2.66–4.58) | 3.28 (2.63–4.69) |
| sTNFR2 (ng/mL) | 2.0 (1.7–2.3) | 14.7 (11.9–17.5)a,*** | 14.6 (11.7–17.3) | 17.1 (14.1–20.3)†† |
| TNF-α/sTNFR2 (×10−3) | 0.42 (0.36–0.54) | 0.24 (0.18–0.32)*** | 0.24 (0.19–0.32) | 0.20 (0.14–0.25)†† |
| PTX3 (ng/mL) | 0.62 (0.50–0.75) | 1.40 (0.99–2.05)*** | 1.32 (0.96–1.86) | 2.06 (1.41–2.44)†† |
| Elastase (ng/mL) | 48 (39–57) | 43 (33–55) | 41 (33–55) | 50 (40–69)† |
| Elastase/neutrophil | 16 (12–20) | 11 (8–13)*** | 11 (8–13) | 11 (8–14) |
| TIMP-1 (ng/mL) | 243 (212–325) | 535 (469–620)a,*** | 530 (466–617) | 580 (499–725) |
| cfDNA (μg/mL) | 0.53 (0.29–0.75) | 0.84 (0.56–1.22)*** | 0.80 (0.54–1.17) | 1.22 (0.74–1.72)†† |
Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation or median (interquartile range), except for gender (n/n).
Loss of significance after statistical adjustment (ANCOVA) for age.
P versus control <0.05.
P versus control <0.01.
P versus control ≤0.001.
P deceased versus alive <0.05.
P deceased versus alive <0.01.
P deceased versus alive ≤0.001.
F, female; M, male; BMI, body mass index; URR, urea reduction ratio; PTH, parathyroid hormone; RBC, red blood cell count, MCV, mean corpuscular volume; MCHC, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration; WBC, white blood cell count; LPO, lipid-peroxidation; TAS, total antioxidant status; tPA, tissue plasminogen activator; PAI, plasminogen activator inhibitor; IL, interleukin; hsCRP, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; TNF, tumor necrosis factor; sTNFR, soluble TNF receptor; PTX, pentraxin; TIMP, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases; cfDNA, cell-free DNA.