Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the study participants
| Parameters | HD patients | PD patients | Controls | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (n = 38) | (n = 38) | (n = 38) | ||
| Female, n (%) | 15 (39.5) | 15 (39.5) | 15 (39.5) | 1.00 |
| Age (years) | 62.99 ± 12.58 | 62.74 ± 14.45 | 59.03 ± 7.47 | 0.269 |
| Dialysis vintage (months) | 24.47 (14.29–40.81) | 18.53 (10.94–35.59) | 0.391 | |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 27.49 ± 4.41 | 28.52 ± 5.68 | 28.33 ± 4.06 | 0.603 |
| Hypertension , n (%) | 29 (76.3) | 33 (86.8) | 8 (21.1) | <0.001 |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 11 (28.9) | 9 (23.7) | 0 (0) | <0.001 |
| Hypercholesterolaemia, n (%) | 23 (60.5) | 22 (57.9) | 16 (42.1) | 0.25 |
| Cardiovascular disease, n (%) | 18 (47.4) | 17 (44.8) | 0 (0) | <0.001 |
| Smoking, n (%) | 8 (21.1) | 7 (18.4) | 14 (38.9) | 0.094 |
| eGFR (CKD-EPI) (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 93.37 ± 12.32 | |||
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 158 ± 43.76 | 167.05 ± 38.9 | 203.24 ± 37.48 | <0.001 |
| LDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 86.9 ± 32.68 | 90.09 ± 38.42 | 132.07 ± 32.22 | <0.001 |
| Hb (g/dL) | 11.43 ± 1.55 | 11.47 ± 1.43 | 14.43 ± 1.49 | <0.001 |
| Number of antihypertensive drugs, n (range) | 1 (1–2) | 2 (1–3) | 0 (0–0) | <0.001 |
| Office SBP (mmHg) | 141.63 ± 17.73 | 141.37 ± 20.29 | 124.89 ± 13.15 | <0.001 |
| Office DBP (mmHg) | 79.18 ± 10.18 | 83.34 ± 13.88 | 79.01 ± 7.52 | 0.151 |
| ACEi/ARB, n (%) | 5 (13.2) | 20 (52.6) | 4 (10.5) | <0.001 |
| CCBs, n (%) | 7 (18.4) | 15 (39.5) | 4 (10.5) | 0.008 |
| β-blockers, n (%) | 24 (63.2) | 27 (71.1) | 1 (2.6) | <0.001 |
| Centrally acting agents, n (%) | 1 (2.6) | 5 (13.2) | 0 (0) | 0.046 |
| Diuretics, n (%) | 6 (15.8) | 22 (57.9) | 0 (0) | <0.001 |
| Nitroderivatives, n (%) | 4 (10.5) | 2 (5.3) | 0 (0) | 0.163 |
| Statins, n (%) | 21 (55.3) | 26 (68.4) | 1 (2.6) | <0.001 |
Values are presneted as mean ± SD unless stated otherwise.
For continuous variables the P-value is generated from ANOVA or Kruskal–Wallis test depending on the normality of the distribution for each variable with the exception of dialysis vintage, where the P-value is generated by Mann–Whitney test. For categorical variables, the P-value is generated by chi-square test.
BMI: body mass index; eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate; CKD-EPI: Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration equation; CCB: calcium channel blockers; Hb: haemoglobin.