Table 2.
Mean (SD) of individual items among regions that make up the psychological distress score, loneliness, and social network diversity and number of people in network. ANCOVA comparisons included covariates for age, sex, education, employment, living arrangement and concern for COVID-19.
| USA | South Korea | France | Hong Kong | Total | Regional Comparison* | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n=334 | n=395 | n=145 | n=432 | n=1306 | ||
| Self-Reported Health | 2.28 (0.85) | 2.94 (0.93) | 2.54 (0.93) | 2.90 (0.97) | 2.71 (0.98) | F(3, 1249)=38.95,p<0.001, ηp=0.08 |
| Days physical health not good | 3.62 (6.72) | 4.02 (5.57) | 4.75 (7.70) | 4.77 (6.85) | 4.23 (6.56) | F(3, 1248)=2.99, p=0.03, ηp=0.01 |
| Days mental health not good | 8.33 (8.28) | 6.74 (7.97) | 6.03 (7.94) | 11.5 (9.79) | 8.58 (8.91) | F(3, 1248)=22.48, p=0.001, ηp=0.06 |
| Days usual activities affected by physical and mental health | 6.32 (6.50) | 6.50 (6.71) | 5.76 (6.02) | 5.14 (6.21) | 5.94 (6.44) | F(3, 1239)=1.44, p=0.23, ηp=0.01 |
| Days usual activities affected by pain | 2.20 (5.22) | 2.62 (5.32) | 2.10 (5.00) | 1.86 (4.48) | 2.21 (5.01) | F(3, 1247)=0.88, p=0.47, ηp=0 |
| Days feeling worries, anxious, or tense | 12.7 (9.95) | 7.41 (8.89) | 8.55 (8.55) | 14.22 (10.8) | 11.1 (10.2) | F(3, 1246)=28.57, p=0.001, ηp=0.08 |
| DASS Depression | 8.96 (9.28) | 11.7 (9.92) | 8.85 (8.79) | 15.1 (11.0) | 11.7 (10.3) | F(3, 1230)=19.27, p=0.001, ηp=0.06 |
| DASS Anxiety | 5.68 (6.39) | 7.39 (7.21) | 4.96 (6.11) | 9.46 (7.97) | 7.29 (7.31) | F(3, 1230)=12.26, p=0.001, ηp=0.05 |
| DASS Stress | 13.2 (9.41) | 12.2 (9.06) | 10.7 (9.36) | 16.0 (9.53) | 13.5 (9.50) | F(3, 1230)=9.39, p=0.001, ηp=0.04 |
| UCLA Loneliness | 41.2 (11.0) | 43.3 (12.5) | 35.8 (11.8) | 49.7 (10.5) | 43.8 (12.3) | F(3, 1217)=44.6, p=0.001, ηp=0.13 |
| Diversity of Social Networks | 4.17 (1.57) | 4.46 (2.03) | 6.35 (1.72) | 4.93 (1.80) | 4.74 (1.92) | F(3, 1214)=57.3, p=0.001, ηp=0.12 |
| Number of people in social networks | 14.0 (6.58) | 13.5 (8.58) | 21.4 (9.39) | 8.67 (7.14) | 12.9 (8.61) | F(3, 1282)=81.2, p=0.001, ηp=0.18 |