Fig. 5. NLRX1 is required for HIV-1 replication in human CD4 T cells.

a, b, Luciferase activities (RLU, a) and HIV-1 Gag p55 protein levels (b, left). Densitometry analysis of Gag p55 levels (b, right). β-actin was the loading control. n = 3 cell cultures per experiment. hpi: hours post infection.

c, Extracellular HIV-1 p24 levels. n = 3 cell cultures per experiment.

d, Intracellular HIV-1 p24 levels at 48 hpi. n = 3 cell cultures per experiment.

e, Intracelluar HIV-1 p24 levels in NLRX1-silenced human primary CD4 T cells at 48 hpi. n = 3 cell cultures per experiment.

f, RLU in 0.2 µM rotenone, 0.2 µM antimycin A or the vehicle control ethanol (ETOH) treated cells at 24 hpi. n = 9 cell cultures per experiment.

g, RLU in 5 mM metformin or the vehicle control sterile water treated cells at 24 hpi. n = 6 cell cultures per experiment.

h, RLU in 5 µM resveratrol or the vehicle control ethanol treated cells at 48 hpi. n = 6 cell cultures per experiment.

i, OCR in 5 µM resveratrol or the vehicle control ethanol treated cells at 24 hpi. n = 5 cell cultures per experiment; multiple t tests (two-tailed).

j, k, HIV-1 viremia (j) and peripheral blood human CD4 T cell count (k) in the NRG-hu CD4 mice serum. n = 8 mice for uninfected and n = 9 mice for infected groups.

Data (a–i) are representative of three independent experiments shown as the mean ± s.e.m. Data (j, k) are from pooled mice of two independent experiments. Statistical significance was tested by one-way or two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s (a–f, h, j) or Sidak’s (g) multiple comparisons test.