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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Apr 30.
Published in final edited form as: J Toxicol Environ Health A. 2020 Feb 5;83(2):45–65. doi: 10.1080/15287394.2020.1723154

Table 1:

Clinical severity scoresa

Severity score Neurobehavioral abnormalities
0 = Normal - No clinical signs
1 = Mild - Mildly sedate but remains standing
- May lie down briefly but quickly stands when stimulated
- Readily returns to normal behavior with external stimulation
2 = Moderate - Moderate sedation, appears to be sleeping but with abnormal roosting posture (i.e. head down on the ground instead of tucked behind wing)
- Consistently lying down
- Displaying piloerection
- Eyes partially closed or glassy-eyed
- May demonstrate ataxia
- May have intermittent, generalized muscle tremors
- Mildly increased respiratory effort
- Clinical signs improve to mild with external stimulation but does not return to normal behavior
3 = Severe - Clinical signs as noted in moderate but more severe
- Severe sedation, minimally response to external stimulation
- More consistent whole-body tremors
- More severe ataxia
- Unable to stand or ambulate on own
4 = Comatose - Severe sedation, non-responsive to external stimulation
- More consistent whole-body tremors
- Laterally recumbent, unable to stand
- Occasional regurgitation
a

Classification system for the clinical severity scores used to categorize the severity of neurobehavioral abnormalities observed after oral administration of imidacloprid in domestic chickens.