Table 2.
Baseline characteristics of the mobile health intervention study participants.
| Characteristic | Combined groups (N=54) | Intervention group: tech support (n=18) | Intervention group: tech support+health coaching (n=18) | Waitlist control group (n=18) | ||||||||||
| Sociodemographic characteristics | ||||||||||||||
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Age (years), mean (SD) | 69.6 (4.8) | 69.6 (4.5) | 69.1 (4.0) | 70.2 (5.9) | |||||||||
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BMI, mean (SD) | 30.1 (5.7) | 30.2 (6.0) | 29.8 (4.8) | 30.4 (6.5) | |||||||||
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BMI, n (%) | |||||||||||||
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Normal weight | 10 (18) | 4 (22) | 2 (11) | 4 (22) | ||||||||
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Overweight | 21 (39) | 6 (33) | 9 (50) | 6 (33) | ||||||||
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Obese | 23 (43) | 8 (44) | 7 (39) | 8 (44) | ||||||||
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Male, n (%) | 24 (44) | 10 (56) | 6 (33) | 8 (44) | |||||||||
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Ethnicity, n (%) | |||||||||||||
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Hispanic | 13 (24) | 5 (28) | 4 (22) | 4 (22) | ||||||||
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Non-Hispanic | 41 (76) | 13 (72) | 14 (78) | 14 (78) | ||||||||
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Race, n (%) | |||||||||||||
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Non-White | 4 (7) | 1 (6) | 2 (11) | 1 (6) | ||||||||
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White | 50 (93) | 17 (94) | 16 (89) | 17 (94) | ||||||||
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College degree, n (%) | 31 (57) | 11 (61) | 11 (61) | 9 (50) | |||||||||
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Household income, n (%) | |||||||||||||
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<US $50,000 | 19 (35) | 7 (39) | 8 (44) | 4 (22) | ||||||||
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≥US $50,000 | 32 (59) | 10 (56) | 9 (50) | 13 (72) | ||||||||
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Missing or refused | 3 (6) | 1 (6) | 1 (6) | 1 (6) | ||||||||
| Health and physical functioning | ||||||||||||||
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Ever smoker, n (%)a | 24 (44) | 8 (44) | 7 (39) | 9 (50) | |||||||||
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General health status, n (%) | |||||||||||||
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Fair or poor | 8 (15) | 4 (22) | 2 (11) | 2 (11) | ||||||||
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Good | 22 (41) | 9 (50) | 6 (33) | 7 (39) | ||||||||
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Very good or excellent | 24 (44) | 5 (28) | 10 (56) | 9 (50) | ||||||||
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Number of comorbidities, n (%) | |||||||||||||
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0-1; does not limit activities | 27 (50) | 10 (56) | 8 (44) | 9 (50) | ||||||||
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1-2; limits activities | 16 (30) | 6 (33) | 5 (28) | 5 (28) | ||||||||
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≥3; limits activities | 11 (20) | 2 (11) | 5 (28) | 4 (22) | ||||||||
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Self-reported physical function, mean (SD) |
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Raw score (0-100) | 73.7 (20.7) | 68.1 (22.4) | 77.5 (15.4) | 75.6 (23.2) | ||||||||
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T-scoreb | 47.5 (7.9) | 45.3 (8.6) | 48.9 (5.9) | 48.2 (8.9) | ||||||||
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Short Physical Performance Battery (0-12), mean (SD) | 10.7 (1.6) | 10.4 (2.2) | 11.1 (0.9) | 10.7 (1.5) | |||||||||
| Clinical characteristics | ||||||||||||||
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Cancer type, n (%) | |||||||||||||
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Breast | 21 (39) | 7 (39) | 9 (50) | 5 (28) | ||||||||
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Prostate | 16 (30) | 7 (39) | 3 (17) | 6 (33) | ||||||||
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Otherc | 17 (31) | 4 (22) | 6 (33) | 7 (39) | ||||||||
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Stage at diagnosisd, n (%) | |||||||||||||
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Local | 40 (75) | 14 (78) | 14 (78) | 12 (71) | ||||||||
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Regional | 13 (25) | 4 (22) | 4 (22) | 5 (29) | ||||||||
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Treatment receivede, n (%) | |||||||||||||
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Surgery | 42 (78) | 13 (72) | 13 (72) | 14 (78) | ||||||||
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Chemotherapy | 10 (18) | 3 (17) | 3 (17) | 4 (22) | ||||||||
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Radiation | 30 (56) | 12 (67) | 10 (56) | 8 (44) | ||||||||
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Hormone therapy | 12 (22) | 2 (11) | 6 (33) | 4 (22) | ||||||||
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Time since diagnosis (years), mean (SD) | 4.4 (1.6) | 4.3 (1.4) | 4.2 (1.9) | 4.6 (1.4) | |||||||||
| Other characteristics | ||||||||||||||
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Comfort level with using smartphone, n (%) | |||||||||||||
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Very or extremely comfortable | 38 (70) | 11 (61) | 13 (72) | 14 (78) | ||||||||
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Slightly or not comfortable | 16 (30) | 7 (39) | 5 (28) | 4 (22) | ||||||||
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activPAL data, mean (SD) | |||||||||||||
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Number of valid wear daysf | 6.7 (0.7) | 6.6 (1.0) | 6.8 (0.4) | 6.7 (0.5) | ||||||||
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Average awake hours | 14.5 (1.0) | 14.1 (1.1) | 14.6 (0.6) | 14.6 (0.9) | ||||||||
aOnly 1 participant was currently smoking at baseline.
bT-scores represent a linear transformation, normed to the US population, with a mean of 50 (SD 10).
cOther cancers include bladder, cervical, colon, endometrium, kidney, lymphoma, or melanoma cancers.
dStage at diagnosis is missing for 1 participant.
ePercentages do not add up to 100% because participants may have had more than 1 type of treatment.
fUp to the first 7 days of 10 hours or more of awake/wear time were included in the analyses; additional days of wear beyond the first 7 days were excluded.