Table 3.
Nephrolithiasis/Kidney Stones (6 studies)
| Article Study Design |
Population | Disease Duration/Follow-Up (years) | Supplementation (%) | Methods | Kidney Stones (% of patients) | Reported Association Data Between Those Renal Outcomes and the Predefined Biochemical-Related Outcomes | Serum Calcium | Urinary Calcium | Serum Phosphate | Urine Phosphate | Calcium-Phosphate Product |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Underbjerg et al. 2015 [7] Retrospective follow-up study using national health registry data |
180 Danish pts with nonsurgical HypoPT, mean age, 49.7 years 540 age- and gender-matched controls |
Not reported |
Calcium, 71% Active vitamin D analogs, 70% |
ICD-8 and ICD-10 codes | 1% |
Not reported Relevant finding stated in the article: Risk of nephrolithiasis was not increased in pts compared with controls (HR: 0.80 [95% CI, 0.17–3.85]) |
Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported |
|
Outcome Hypocalcemia: 27% pts (9 pts) | |||||||||||
|
Underbjerg et al. 2013 [6] Retrospective follow-up study using national health registry data |
688 Danish pts with postsurgical HypoPT, median (range) age, 49 (17–87) years 2064 age- and gender-matched controls |
Median (IQR) duration of disease: 8 (4;12) |
Calcium, 93% Alfacalcidol, 93% |
Determined by ICD-8 or ICD-10 codes | 2% |
Not reported Relevant finding stated in the article: Compared with controls, pts had increased risk of renal stones HR (unadjusted): 4.82 (95% CI, 2.0–11.64) HR (adjusted for prior renal diseases): 4.22 (1.73–10.30) HR (adjusted for prior diabetes mellitus and renal disease): 4.02 (1.64–9.90) |
Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported |
|
Arlt et al. 2002 [20] Cross-sectional study |
25 women with postsurgical HypoPT, mean (SD) age, 48.4 (13.6) years 25 sex-, age-, and surgery-matched controls,a mean (SD) age, 49.5 (13.2) years |
Median (range) duration of disease: 3 (0.5–38) | Calcium and oral vitamin D, vitamin D metabolites or analogs, 100% | Renal ultrasound | 8% | Not reported | 2.15 ± 0.21 mmol/L | 5.51 ± 4.17 mmol/24 h | 1.32 ± 0.22 mmol/L | 26.1 ± 8.8 mmol/24 h | Not reported |
|
Outcome Hypocalcemiab: 12% pts (3 pts) |
Outcome Hypercalciuriac: 23% pts (5/22 pts) |
||||||||||
|
Meola et al. 2018 [21] Prospective study |
90 pts with postsurgical HypoPT Mean (SD) age, females: 50 (14) years; males: 57 (14) years 142 sex- and age-matched healthy normative controls Mean (SD) age, females: 53 (8) years; males: 50 (6) years |
Mean ± SD disease duration: 9 ± 7 |
Calcium, 38.9% Calcitriol, 100% |
Renal ultrasound | 30% | No significant correlation (P = 0.98) between presence of kidney stones and duration of HypoPT, 24-h urinary calcium excretion, total Alb-sCa or vitamin D status |
Alb-sCa 8.9 ± 0.5 mg/dL (range 7.5–10.1) |
Male: 359 ± 178 mg/24 h Female: 290 ± 155 mg/24 h |
3.6 ± 0.7 mg/dL (range 2.2–5.9) | Not reported | Normal, <55 mg2/dL2 in all pts |
|
Outcome Hypocalcemiad: 14% pts (13 pts) |
Outcome Hypercalciuriae: Female: 52% pts (33/63 pts) Male: 63% pts (12/19 pts) |
Outcome Hyperphosphatemia: 8% pts (7 pts) |
|||||||||
|
Hypercalcemiad: 20% pts (18 pts) | |||||||||||
|
Hadker et al. 2014 [19] Patient self-reporting in a cross-sectional survey |
374 pts with chronic HypoPT, mean (SD) age, 49.4 (11.6) years | Mean ± SD duration of disease: 12.6 ± 12.4 |
Calcium, 25% Calcitriol, 44% Ergocalciferol vitamin D2 or cholecalciferol vitamin D3, 20% Combination of calcium/calcitriol, 67% |
Self-report |
35.5% (since diagnosis) |
Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported |
|
Levy et al. 2015 [10] Long-term retrospective follow-up study |
29 pediatric pts with chronic HypoPT, mean (SD) age, 11.1 (5.9) years |
Mean ± SD duration of disease: 9.1 ± 5.5 Mean ± SD duration of follow-up: 7.4 ± 5.0 |
Calcitriol/calcium, 100% Cholecalciferol, 79% |
Renal ultrasound | 0 | Not reported |
Total calcium: 8.9 ± 0.8 mg/dL Ionized calcium: 4.6 ± 0.5 mg/dL |
Average urine calcium/creatinine ratio: 0.27 ± 0.25 mg/mg | 5.9 ± 1.2 mg/dL | Not reported | Not reported |
Alb-sCa, albumin-corrected serum calcium; ESE, European Society of Endocrinology; HR, hazard ratio; HypoPT, hypoparathyroidism; ICD, international classification of diseases and related health problems; IQR, interquartile range; pt, patient; ULN, upper limit of normal
Note: The following superscripted-letter footnotes are based on information contained in the indicated manuscript
aSubtotal thyroidectomy for goiter with intact parathyroid function (n = 23) or parathyroid surgery for hyperparathyroidism (n = 2)
bBelow 2.00 mmol/L
c>ULN 3–8 mmol/day
dESE target ranges used with hypocalcemia being below the recommended ranges and hypercalcemia above
eValues above the ULN (≥300 mg/24 h in males and ≥ 250 mg/24 h in females)