Table 3.
Associations between selected dietary factors and significant fibrosis (F≥2). Results based on univariate and multivariable analysis.
| Variables | Presence of significant fibrosis (F≥2) |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| No N=233 |
Yes N=219 |
Adj. Odds Ratio (95% CI) |
P value* | |
| Carbohydrate (% of energy) | 46.66 (40.48-51.77) | 48.25 (42.1-53.95) | 1.03 (1.01-1.06) | <.001 |
| Quartiles, n (%) | ||||
| ≤ 41.07, n=113 | 63 (56) | 50 (44) | Reference | - |
| 41.08-47.49, n=113 | 64 (57) | 49 (43) | 0.98 (0.56-1.72) | .945 |
| 47.50-52.78, n=113 | 55 (49) | 58 (51) | 1.67 (1.000-2.95) | .048 |
| > 52.78, n=113 | 51 (45) | 62 (55) | 1.94 (1.09-3.44) | .024 |
| n-3 PUFAs (g/d) | 1.75 (1.19-2.45) | 1.41 (0.98-2.24) | 0.17 (0.06-0.47) | .001 |
| Quartiles, n (%) | ||||
| ≤ 1.052, n=113 | 50 (44) | 63 (56) | Reference | - |
| 1.053-1.575, n=113 | 48 (42) | 65 (58) | 0.88 (0.49-;1.57) | .676 |
| 1.576-2.372, n=113 | 72 (64) | 41 (36) | 0.35 (0.19-0.67) | .001 |
| >2.372, n=113 | 63 (56) | 50 (44) | 0.31 (0.14-0.71) | .006 |
| Methionine (mg/d) | 1470 (1050-2000) | 1280 (900-1940) | 0.32 (0.15-0.64) | .001 |
| Quartiles, n (%) | ||||
| ≤ 980, n=112 | 67 (40) | 45 (60) | Reference | - |
| 981-1425, n=114 | 55 (52) | 59 (48) | 0.46 (0.26-0.84) | .012 |
| 1426-1967, n=113 | 47 (58) | 66 (42) | 0.33 (0.17-0.64) | .001 |
| > 1967, n=113 | 50 (56) | 63 (44) | 0.23 (0.09-0.57) | .001 |
| Total isoflavones (mg/d) | 1.25 (0.84-1.86) | 1.1 (0.75-1.67) | 0.74 (0.53-0.99) | .049 |
| Quartiles, n (%) | ||||
| ≤ 0.80, n=114 | 47 (41) | 67 (59) | Reference | - |
| 0.81-1.17, n=113 | 60 (53) | 53 (47) | 0.71 (0.40-1.25) | .245 |
| 1.18-1.79, n=113 | 63 (56) | 50 (44) | 0.55 (0.30-0.99) | .050 |
| > 1.79, n=112 | 63 (56) | 49 (44) | 0.63 (0.31-0.99) | .049 |
| Total choline (mg/d) | 291.7 (222.7-391) | 272.7 (186.9-379.1) | 0.32 (0.15-0.69) | .003 |
| Quartiles, n (%) | ||||
| ≤ 210, n=113 | 45 (19.3) | 68 (31.1) | Reference | - |
| 211-279, n=113 | 65 (27.9) | 48 (21.9) | 0.33 (0.18-0.60) | <.001 |
| 280-386, n=113 | 62 (26.6) | 51 (23.3) | 0.39 (0.20-0.76) | .005 |
| >386, n=113 | 61 (26.2) | 52 (23.7) | 0.26 (0.11-0.63) | .003 |
Abbreviations: PUFAs, polyunsaturated fatty acids.
Multivariable binary logistic regression. All multivariable analyses were adjusted for age, gender, type 2 diabetes, body mass index (kg/m2) and calorie intake (kcal).
Dietary variables were log-transformed except carbohydrate (% of energy) which was normally distributed.
Carbohydrates (% of energy): PCT 25th ≤ 41.07; PCT 25-50th 41.08-47.49; PCT 50-75th 47.50-52.78; PCT >75th >52.78.
n-3 PUFAs (g/d): PCT 25th ≤ 1.052; PCT 25-50th 1.053-1.575; PCT 50-75th 1.576-2.372; PCT >75th >2.372.
Total isoflavones (mg/d): PCT 25th ≤0.80; PCT 25-50th 0.81-1.17; PCT 50-75th 1.18-1.79; PCT >75th >1.79.
Methionine (mg/d): PCT 25th ≤980; PCT 25-50th 981-1425; PCT 50-75th 1426-1967; PCT >75th >1967.
Total choline (mg/d): PCT 25th ≤210; PCT 25-50th 211-279; PCT 50-75th 280-386; PCT >75th >386.
Continuous variables are expressed as median and interquartile range.