Table 4.

Role of PNPLA3 rs738409 as a moderator between dietary factors and fibrosis severity. Conditional effects of the dietary factors at values of the moderator using an additive genetic model.

	Bootstrapped estimates (n=10,000)				Bootstrapped estimates (n=10,000)
Dietary factors	Unadjusted β coefficients (conditional effects) †	Standard errors	95% confidence intervals	P value	Adjusted β coefficients (conditional effects) †	Standard errors	95% confidence intervals	P value
Significant fibrosis (F≥2)
Carbohydrate (% of energy)
PNPLA3-CC	0.004	0.019	−0.032 to 0.040	.820	0.021	0.020	−0.019 to 0.061	.302
PNPLA3-GC	0.020	0.011	−0.002 to 0.042	.075	0.032	0.013	0.008 to 0.057	.010
PNPLA3-GG	0.036	0.019	−0.002 to 0.073	.062	0.044	0.021	0.003 to 0.084	.035
n-3 PUFAs (g/day) ‡
PNPLA3-CC	−0.092	0.453	−0.980 to 0.797	.840	−1.332	0.645	−2.595 to −0.068	.039
PNPLA3-GC	−0.513	0.271	−1.044 to 0.019	.059	−1.728	0.510	−2.727 to −0.729	.001
PNPLA3-GG	−0.934	0.465	−1.845 to −0.023	.045	−2.124	0.644	−3.386 to −0.862	.001
Total isoflavones (mg/day) ‡
PNPLA3-CC	−0.021	0.253	−0.517 to 0.476	.935	0.044	0.284	−0.512 to 0.600	.877
PNPLA3-GC	−0.299	0.134	−0.561 to −0.038	.025	−0.301	0.165	−0.625 to −0.022	.048
PNPLA3-GG	−0.578	0.254	−1.076 to −0.081	.023	−0.647	0.286	−1.207 to −0.086	.024
Methionine (mg/day) ‡
PNPLA3-CC	−0.019	0.323	−0.653 to 0.615	.953	−0.886	0.470	−1.806 to 0.034	.059
PNPLA3-GC	−0.316	0.185	−0.679 to 0.046	.087	−1.104	0.364	−1.817 to −0.391	.002
PNPLA3-GG	−0.614	0.325	−1.251 to 0.023	.059	−1.322	0.457	−2.217 to −0.417	.004
Total choline (mg/d) ‡
PNPLA3-CC	0.029	0.334	−0.625 to 0.683	.931	−0.869	0.483	−1.815 to 0.078	.072
PNPLA3-GC	−0.266	0.199	−0.657 to 0.125	.182	−1.113	0.388	−1.873 to −0.352	.004
PNPLA3-GG	−0.561	0.348	−1.243 to 0.121	.107	−1.357	0.491	−2.320 to −0.394	.006
Overall fibrosis severity (stage 0-4)
Carbohydrate (% of energy)
PNPLA3-CC	0.014	0.012	−0.009 to 0.037	.240	0.023	0.011	0.001 to 0.044	.040
PNPLA3-GC	0.020	0.007	0.006 to 0.034	.004	0.026	0.007	0.013 to 0.039	<.001
PNPLA3-GG	0.027	0.012	0.003 to 0.050	.025	0.029	0.011	0.007 to 0.051	.009
n-3 PUFAs (g/day) ‡
PNPLA3-CC	−0.133	0.286	−0.695 to 0.430	.643	−0.803	0.342	−1.475 to −0.130	.019
PNPLA3-GC	−0.406	0.170	−0.741 to −0.071	.018	−1.060	0.270	−1.590 to −0.529	<.001
PNPLA3-GG	−0.679	0.288	−1.246 to −0.112	.019	−1.317	0.348	−2.002 to −0.633	<.001
Total isoflavones (mg/day) ‡
PNPLA3-CC	0.011	0.157	−0.299 to 0.320	.946	0.057	0.154	−0.246 to 0.360	.713
PNPLA3-GC	−0.213	0.081	−0.372 to −0.054	.009	−0.187	0.088	−0.360 to −0.013	.035
PNPLA3-GG	−0.437	0.155	−0.741 to −0.132	.005	−0.430	0.154	−0.733 to −0.128	.005
Methionine (mg/day) ‡
PNPLA3-CC	−0.026	0.204	−0.427 to 0.375	.899	−0.547	0.253	−1.045 to −0.049	.031
PNPLA3-GC	−0.270	0.116	−0.499 to −0.042	.021	−0.737	0.195	−1.121 to −0.353	<.001
PNPLA3-GG	−0.514	0.201	−0.909 to −0.119	.011	−0.927	0.245	−1.409 to −0.444	<.001
Total choline (mg/d) ‡
PNPLA3-CC	−0.015	0.212	−0.431 to 0.401	.943	−0.561	0.260	−1.072 to −0.049	.032
PNPLA3-GC	−0.248	0.126	−0.496 to 0.000	.050	−0.759	0.207	−1.167 to −0.352	<.001
PNPLA3-GG	−0.481	0.217	−0.909 to −0.054	.027	−0.957	0.265	−1.479 to −0.436	<.001

Abbreviations: PNPLA3, patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing 3; PUFAs, polyunsaturated fatty acids.

^†Conditional or moderation effects were calculated while adjusting for age, gender, type 2 diabetes, BMI (kg/m²) and calorie intake (kcal).

^‡Log-transformed variables.