Table 5.

Role of PNPLA3 rs738409 as a moderator between dietary factors and fibrosis severity. Conditional effects of the dietary factors at values of the moderator using a dominant genetic model.

	Bootstrapped estimates (n=10,000)				Bootstrapped estimates (n=10,000)
Dietary factors	Unadjusted β coefficients (conditional effects) †	Standard errors	95% confidence intervals	P value	Adjusted β coefficients (conditional effects) †	Standard errors	95% confidence intervals	P value
Significant fibrosis (F≥2)
Carbohydrate (% of energy)
PNPLA3-CC	0.009	0.021	−0.033 to 0.050	.679	0.027	0.023	−0.018 to 0.073	.239
PNPLA3-GC+GG	0.025	0.013	0.000 to 0.051	.054	0.034	0.014	0.006 to 0.062	.018
n-3 PUFAs (g/day) ‡
PNPLA3-CC	−0.030	0.520	−1.049 to 0.989	.954	−0.239	0.684	−2.579 to 0.102	.070
PNPLA3-GC+GG	−0.694	0.317	−1.315 to −0.074	.028	−1.844	0.540	−2.902 to −0.786	.001
Total isoflavones (mg/day) ‡
PNPLA3-CC	0.227	0.306	−0.373 to 0.826	.458	0.313	0.350	−0.373 to 0.999	.371
PNPLA3-GC+GG	−0.429	0.154	−0.731 to −0.126	.005	−0.453	0.184	−0.814 to −0.092	.014
Methionine (mg/day) ‡
PNPLA3-CC	0.092	0.382	−0.657 to 0.840	.810	−0.741	0.514	−1.748 to 0.266	.149
PNPLA3-GC+GG	−0.448	0.211	−0.862 to −0.034	.034	−1.210	0.378	−1.950 to −0.469	.001
Total choline (mg/d) ‡
PNPLA3-CC	0.122	0.385	−0.634 to 0.877	.316	−0.729	0.514	−1.736 to 0.279	.156
PNPLA3-GC+GG	−0.402	0.233	−0.859 to 0.054	.084	−1.231	0.413	−2.040 to −0.422	.003
Overall fibrosis severity (stages 0-4)
Carbohydrate (% of energy)
PNPLA3-CC	0.018	0.013	−0.008 to 0.044	.164	0.025	0.012	0.005 to 0.053	.020
PNPLA3-GC+GG	0.021	0.008	0.005 to 0.038	.011	0.029	0.008	0.010 to 0.041	.001
n-3 PUFAs (g/day) ‡
PNPLA3-CC	−0.105	0.328	−0.750 to 0.539	.749	−0.813	0.366	−1.533 to −0.093	.027
PNPLA3-GC+GG	−0.521	0.199	−0.913 to −0.130	.009	−1.176	0.293	−1.752 to −0.600	<.001
Total isoflavones (mg/day) ‡
PNPLA3-CC	0.097	0.192	−0.281 to 0.475	.614	0.138	0.190	−0.234 to 0.511	.466
PNPLA3-GC+GG	−0.283	0.089	−0.458 to −0.108	.002	−0.253	0.095	−0.440 to −0.067	.008
Methionine (mg/day) ‡
PNPLA3-CC	0.011	0.240	−0.461 to 0.484	.962	−0.523	0.277	−1.067 to 0.022	.060
PNPLA3-GC+GG	−0.364	0.133	−0.625 to −0.103	.006	−0.824	0.205	−1.228 to −0.421	<.001
Total choline (mg/d) ‡
PNPLA3-CC	0.040	0.243	−0.437 to 0.517	.869	−0.518	0.278	−1.064 to 0.028	.063
PNPLA3-GC+GG	−0.353	0.148	−0.643 to −0.063	.017	-−0.864	0.224	−1.304 to −0.425	<.001

Abbreviations: PNPLA3, patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing 3; PUFAs, polyunsaturated fatty acids.

^†Conditional or moderation effects were calculated while adjusting for age, gender, type 2 diabetes, BMI (kg/m²) and calorie intake (kcal).

^‡Log-transformed variables.