Fig. 2. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and inulin pathway in waterlogged cultivars.

a Histogram reporting the total number of DEGs in Domari, Myrna, Flester and Confiance. b–c Venn diagrams of private and shared DEGs among the four cultivars. The numbers of up- (b) and downregulated (c) genes are reported. Cultivar-specific DEGS are underlined; genes with common expression trends fall in overlapping areas, core-DEGs were in bold (163 up- and 221 downregulated genes that conserved differential expression pattern independently of genotype). d Top 20 GO terms for the biological process category. False discovery rates were calculated. *, **, *** = significant at P ≤ 0.05, 0.01 and 0.001 respectively. e Genes of sucrose and fructan metabolism. Differential expression patterns in Domari, Myrna, Flester and Confiance in Y2 vs Y1 (D2vsD1, M2vsM1, F2vsF1 and C2vsC1) were highlighted by heatmaps according to log₂ fold change. Dashes indicate transcripts not expressed in leaves. Glucose-1P glucose 1-phosphate; Glucose-6P, glucose 6-phosphate, UDPG uridine diphosphate glucose, 1-FEH fructan exohydrolase, 1-FFT fructan:fructan-1 fructosyltransferase, 1-SST sucrose:sucrose-1 fructosyltransferase, FK fructokinase, HK hexokinase, INV invertase, pGlc-T plastidic Glucose translocators, SPP sucrose-phosphate phosphatase, SPS sucrose-phosphate synthase, SS sucrose synthase, STP sugar transporter protein, SUT sucrose transporter, SWEET Sugars Will Eventually be Exported Transporter, TMT tonoplast monosaccharide transporters