Table 1.
Univariable analysis of demographic information (age-sex matched) stratified by autoimmune disease in 186 hospitalized patients testing positive for SARS-CoV-2.
| No Autoimmune Disease (n=124) |
Autoimmune Disease (n=62) |
p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| N [%] | N [%] | ||
| Age in years | |||
| 18-30 | 6 (4.8%) | 3 (4.8%) | - |
| 1-44 | 6 (4.8%) | 3 (4.8%) | |
| 45-59 | 32 (25.8%) | 16 (25.8%) | |
| 60-74 | 54 (43.6%) | 27 (43.6%) | |
| ≥75 | 26 (21.0%) | 13 (21.0%) | |
| Sex | |||
| Male | 48 (38.7%) | 24 (38.7%) | - |
| Female | 76 (61.3%)> | 38 (61.3%) | |
| Race/Ethnicity | |||
| White | 26 (21.0%) | 24 (38.7%) | 0.01 |
| Hispanic | 61 (49.2%) | 17 (27.4%) | |
| Black | 14 (11.3%) | 5 (8.1%) | |
| Other/Not Listed | 23 (18.6%) | 16 (25.8%) | |
| BMI | |||
| <18.5 | 6 (4.8%) | 1 (1.6%) | 0.29 |
| 18.5-24.9 | 18 (4.5%) | 10 (16.1%) | |
| ≥ 25–29.9 | 36 (29.0% | 25 (40.3%) | |
| 30–39.9 | 38 (30.7%) | 18 (29.0%) | |
| ≥40 | 26 (21.0%) | 8 (12.9%) | |
| Comorbidities | |||
| None | 32 (25.8%) | 8 (12.9%) | 0.03 |
| HTN | 75 (60.5%) | 47 (75.8%) | 0.03 |
| COPD/Asthma/ILD | 20 (16.1%) | 14 (22.6%) | 0.28 |
| DM2 | 38 (30.7%) | 14 (22.6%) | 0.26 |
| CKD | 14 (11.3%) | 11 (17.7%) | 0.23 |
| CAD/HF | 25 (20.2%) | 15 (24.2%) | 0.54 |
| Active Cancer | 6 (4.8%) | 4 (6.5%) | 0.66 |
| Smoking | |||
| Never | 103 (83.1%) | 49 (79.0%) | 0.46 |
| Current | 4 (3.5%) | 1 (1.7%) | |
| Former | 17 (15.0%) | 12 (20.0%) | |
| Solid Organ Transplant | |||
| No | 122 (98.4%) | 52 (83.9%) | <0.01 |
| Yes | 2 (1.6%) | 10 (16.1%) | |
| Home Medications | |||
| Immunosuppression | 5 (4.0%) | 41 (66.1%) | <0.01 |
| Long-term Hydroxychloroquine | 0 (0.0%) | 7 (11.3%) | <0.01 |
| ACEi/ARB | 33 (26.6%) | 21 (33.9%) | 0.31 |
| Statin | 41 (33.1%) | 28 (45.2%) | 0.07 |
| NSAID | 34 (27.4%) | 21 (33.9%) | 0.30 |
| Inpatient Medications | |||
| Hydroxychloroquine | 61 (49.2%) | 37 (59.7%) | 0.17 |
| Azithromycin | 43 (34.7%) | 22 (35.5%) | 0.92 |
| Tocilizumab | 5 (4.0%) | 2 (3.2%) | 0.79 |
| Corticosteroids | 13 (10.5%) | 17 (27.4%) | <0.01 |
| Remdesivir | 2 (1.6%) | 0 (0.0%) | - |
| Symptoms at Admission | |||
| Constitutional | 96 (89.7%) | 46 (86.8%) | 0.50 |
| Neurologic | 29 (27.1%) | 9 (17.0%) | 0.09 |
| Pulmonary | 90 (84.1%) | 43 (81.1%) | 0.55 |
| GI | 51 (47.7%) | 29 (54.7%) | 0.66 |
| Initial Vital Signs | |||
| Tmax in 24 hours | |||
| <38°C | 47 (37.9%) | 30 (48.4%) | 0.16 |
| ≥38°C | 77 (62.1%) | 32 (51.6%) | |
| Lowest BP in 24 hours | |||
| <100 systolic | 33 (26.6%) | 16 (25.8%) | 0.90 |
| 100-130 systolic | 80 (64.5%) | 37 (59.7%) | |
| >130 systolic | 11 (8.9%) | 9 (14.5%) | |
| Admission HR | |||
| <100 | 73 (58.9%) | 28 (45.2%) | 0.07 |
| ≥100 | 51 (41.1%) | 34 (54.8%) | |
| Admission RR | |||
| ≤20 | 96 (77.4%) | 41 (66.1%) | 0.12 |
| >20 | 28 (22.6%) | 21 (33.9%) | |
| O2 support on ER presentation | |||
| Room Air | 105 (84.7%) | 48 (77.4%) | 0.21 |
| Nasal Cannula | 11 (8.9%) | 10 (16.1%) | |
| Non-Rebreabreakther | 7 (5.7%) | 3 (4.8%) | |
| Intubation | 1 (0.8%) | 1 (1.6%) | |
| Initial Lab Values | |||
| White Blood Cell [/uL] | 7.0 (5.2-9.3) | 7.3 (5.5-10.4) | 0.18 |
| Lymphocyte Count [%] | 15.9 (8.7-22.0) | 13.2 (8.7-22.1) | 0.32 |
| ESR [mm/hr] | 74 (44.0-97.0) | 62 (48.5-100) | 0.94 |
| CRP [mg/L] | 99.1 (50.5-181.5) | 93.8 (43.9-197.1) | 0.81 |
| Procal [ng/mL] | 0.2 (0.1-.5) | 0.2 (0.12-0.52) | 0.41 |
| IL-6 [pg/mL] | 26.8 (5.0-96.9) | 16.0 (5.0-68.9) | 0.17 |
| Ferritin [ng/mL] | 646.5 (234.7-1039.0) | 526.8 (233.3-807.5) | 0.14 |
| D-dimer [ug/mL] | 1.2 (0.8-1.9) | 1.3 (0.8-2.9) | 0.17 |
| LDH [U/L] | 398 (285.0-556.0) | 395 (257.0-516.0) | 0.30 |
| CK [U/L] | 117.0 (71.0-300.0) | 119.5 (70.0-294.0) | 0.36 |
| LOS | |||
| Median LOS in days | 5.0 (1.0-10.0) | 7.0 (3.0-12.0) | 0.26 |
| Intubation | |||
| No | 103 (85.8%) | 51 (82.3%) | 0.62 |
| Yes | 17 (14.2%) | 11 (17.7%) | |
| ICU Admission | |||
| No | 103 (85.8%) | 50 (80.6%) | 0.44 |
| Yes | 17 (14.2%) | 12 (19.4%) | |
| Death | |||
| No | 94 (82.5%) | 53 (85.5%) | 0.77 |
| Yes | 20 (17.5%) | 9 (14.5%) |
Abbreviations: Body Mass Index (BMI), Hypertension (HTN), Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), Interstitial Lung Disease (ILD), Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM2), Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD), Coronary Artery Disease (CAD), Heart Failure (HF), Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitor (ACEi), Angiotensin II Receptor Blocker (ARB), Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drug (NSAID), Gastrointestinal (GI), Maximum Temperature (Tmax), Blood Pressure (BP), Heart Rate (HR), Respiratory Rate (RR), Emergency Room (ER), Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR), C-Reactive Protein (CRP), Procalcitonin (Procal), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH), Creatine Kinase (CK), Length Of Stay (LOS), Intensive Care Unit (ICU)