Table 2.
Univariable analysis of adverse outcome (intubation/ICU/death) in all admitted SARS-CoV-2 positive patients.
| No Adverse Outcome | Adverse Outcome | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| (n=140) | (n=46) | ||
| N [%] | N [%] | ||
| Age in years | |||
| 18-30 | 9 (6.4%) | 0 (0.0%) | <0.01 |
| 31-44 | 8 (5.7%) | 1 (2.2%) | |
| 45-59 | 41 (29.3%) | 7 (15.2%) | |
| 60-74 | 62 (44.3%) | 19 (41.3%) | |
| ≥75 | 20 (14.3%) | 19 (41.3%) | |
| Sex | |||
| Male | 53 (37.9%) | 19 (41.3%) | 0.68 |
| Female | 87 (62.1%) | 27 (58.7%) | |
| Race/Ethnicity | |||
| White | 35 (25.0%) | 15 (32.6%) | 0.33 |
| Hispanic | 64 (45.7%) | 14 (30.4%) | |
| Black | 13 (9.3%) | 6 (13.0%) | |
| Other/Not Listed | 28 (20.0%) | 11 (23.9%) | |
| BMI | |||
| <18.5 | 4 (2.9%) | 3 (6.5%) | 0.28 |
| 18.5-24.9 | 18 (12.9%) | 10 (21.7%) | |
| ≥ 25–29.9 | 49 (35.0%) | 12 (26.1%) | |
| 30–39.9 | 45 (32.1%) | 11 (23.9%) | |
| ≥40 | 24 (17.1%) | 10 (21.7%) | |
| Autoimmune Disease | |||
| No | 92 (65.7%) | 32 (69.6%) | 0.63 |
| Yes | 48 (34.3%) | 14 (30.4%) | |
| Comorbidities | |||
| None | 35 (25.0%) | 5 (10.9%) | 0.04 |
| HTN | 86 (61.4%) | 36 (78.3%) | 0.04 |
| COPD/Asthma/ILD | 27 (19.3%) | 7 (15.2%) | 0.54 |
| DM2 | 37 (26.4%) | 15 (32.6%) | 0.42 |
| CKD | 19 (13.6%) | 6 (13.0%) | 0.93 |
| CAD/HF | 25 (17.9%) | 15 (32.6%) | 0.04 |
| Active Cancer | 8 (5.7%) | 2 (4.4%) | 0.72 |
| Smoking | |||
| Never | 119 (85.0%) | 33 (71.7%) | 0.09 |
| Current | 3 (2.3%) | 2 (4.8%) | |
| Former | 18 (13.7%) | 11 (26.2%) | |
| Solid Organ Transplant | |||
| No | 130 (92.9%) | 44 (95.7%) | 0.50 |
| Yes | 10 (7.1%) | 2 (4.4%) | |
| Home Medications | |||
| Immunosuppression | 35 (25.0%) | 11 (23.9%) | 0.88 |
| -Biologic | 10 (7.1%) | 1 (2.2%) | 0.22 |
| -Corticosteroids | 21 (15.0%) | 9 (19.6%) | 0.45 |
| Long-term Hydroxychloroquine | 6 (4.3%) | 1 (2.2%) | 0.45 |
| ACEi/ARB | 38 (27.1%) | 16 (34.8%) | 0.32 |
| Statin | 51 (36.4%) | 18 (39.1%) | 0.74 |
| NSAID | 40 (28.6%) | 15 (32.6%) | 0.60 |
| Inpatient Medications | |||
| Hydroxychloroquine | 67 (47.9%) | 31 (67.4%) | 0.02 |
| Azithromycin | 46 (32.9%) | 19 (41.3%) | 0.30 |
| Tocilizumab | 3 (2.1%) | 4 (8.7%) | 0.06 |
| Corticosteroids* | 6 (4.3%) | 6 (13.0%) | 0.04 |
| Remdesivir | 0 (0.0%) | 2 (4.4%) | 0.06 |
| Symptoms at Admission | |||
| Constitutional | 115 (89.8%) | 27 (84.4%) | 0.38 |
| Neurologic | 34 (26.6%) | 4 (12.5%) | 0.07 |
| Pulmonary | 108 (84.4%) | 25 (78.1%) | 0.40 |
| GI | 68 (53.1%) | 12 (37.5%) | 0.11 |
| Initial Vital Signs | |||
| Tmax in 24 hours | |||
| <38°C | 55 (39.3%) | 22 (47.8%) | 0.31 |
| ≥38°C | 85 (60.7%) | 24 (52.2%) | |
| Lowest BP in 24 horns | |||
| <100 systolic | 29 (20.7%) | 20 (43.5%) | <0.01 |
| 100-130 systolic | 94 (67.1%) | 23 (50.0%) | |
| >130 systolic | 17 (12.1%) | 3 (6.5%) | |
| Admission HR | |||
| <100 | 77 (55.0%) | 24 (52.2%) | 0.74 |
| ≥100 | 63 (45.0%) | 22 (47.8%) | |
| Admission RR | |||
| ≤20 | 113 (80.7%) | 24 (52.2%) | <0.01 |
| >20 | 27 (19.3%) | 22 (47.8%) | |
| O2 support on ER presentation | |||
| Room Air | 127 (90.7%) | 26 (56.5%) | <0.01 |
| Nasal Cannula | 12 (8.6%) | 9 (19.6%) | |
| Non-Rebreather | 1 (0.7%) | 9 (19.6%) | |
| Intubation | 0 (0.0%) | 2 (4.4%) | |
| Initial Lab Values | |||
| White Blood Cell [/uL] | 6.7 (5.1-9.1) | 8.4 (5.8-13.9) | <0.01 |
| Lymphocyte Count [%] | 16.6 (10.0-23.1) | 10.8 (7.0-18.6) | <0.01 |
| ESR [mm/hr] | 65.0 (43.0-96.5) | 30.7 (55.5-102.5) | 0.06 |
| CRP [mg/L] | 88.9 (41.7-173.3) | 152.7 (92.4-222.2) | <0.01 |
| Procal [ng/mL] | 0.14 (0.1-0.3) | 0.48 (0.2-1.2) | <0.01 |
| IL-6 [pg/mL] | 15.0 (5.0-41.0) | 75.2 (16.0-164.7) | <0.01 |
| Ferritin [ng/mL] | 589.0 (217.3-972.0) | 625.8 (374.3-1117.0) | 0.31 |
| D-dimer [ug/mL] | 1.06 (0.8-1.7) | 1.88 (0.9-3.2) | <0.01 |
| LDH [U/L] | 373.5 (274.0-514.0) | 458.0 (333.0-661.0) | 0.02 |
| CK [U/L] | 110.5 (62.0-285.0) | 146.0 (77.0-403.0) | 0.17 |
Abbreviations: Body Mass Index (BMI), Hypertension (HTN), Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), Interstitial Lung Disease (ILD), Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM2), Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD), Coronary Artery Disease (CAD), Heart Failure (HF), Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitor (ACEi), Angiotensin II Receptor Blocker (Arbs), Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drug (NSAID), Gastrointestinal (GI), Maximum Temperature (Tmax), Blood Pressure (BP), Heart Rate (HR), Respiratory Rate (RR), Emergency Room (ER), Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR), C-Reactive Protein (CRP), Procalcitonin (Procal), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH), Creatine Kinase (CK), Intensive Care Unit (ICU)
Excluding patients continued on home corticosteroid dosing